Unit 1- Perspectives and Personality

Question 1

Positive Psychology

Answer 1

using specific methods to create a happy, meaningful life. Creating a positive life

Question 2

Id

Answer 2

unconscious energy that seeks immediate gratification. (Someone with a strong __ is more impulsive)

Question 3

Ego

Answer 3

the middle man between id and superego. This acts on the id’s impulses in a more realistic way

Question 4

Superego

Answer 4

the moral compass of conscience. forces ego to consider what’s “right” (someone with a strong __ is a rule follower and is more of a perfectionist)

Question 5

Hierarchy of needs (Maslow)

Answer 5

pyramid/step ladder of human needs. Can’t move on to the next need without fulfilling the lower needs

Question 6

Unconditional positive regard (Rogers)

Answer 6

total acceptance without judgment (can’t give it to yourself)

Question 7

Self-actualization

Answer 7

the highest need in the pyramid; the process of fulfilling our potential

Question 8

Self-concept

Answer 8

all of our thoughts and feelings when asked “who am I?”
positive self-concept=positive description
negative self concept=negative description

Question 9

Ideal self v. real/actual self

Answer 9

Ideal self=the way you want to describe you
real/actual self=the way you describe you

Question 10

Learned helplessness

Answer 10

when we are unable to avoid depressing/harmful events after a while we accept the events and let them happen. We lose hope that we’re in control.

Question 11

Self-efficacy

Answer 11

our ability to do something effectively and efficiently. (someone who wants to do well in school has a high self-efficacy)

Question 12

Self-serving bias

Answer 12

the initial thought that we think higher of ourselves (don’t do well on a test, we blame the teacher instead of ourselves)

Question 13

Big Five (OCEAN or CANOE)

Answer 13

C: conscientiousness: (high) organized, careful (low) careless, unorganized
A: agreeableness: (high) trusing, soft-hearted (low) ruthless
N: neurotics: (high) calm (low) anxious
O: openness: (high) imaginative (low) practical
E: Extraversion (high) outgoing (low) reserved, shy

Question 13

psychoanalytic theorist

Answer 13

Freud - defense mechanisms and psychosexual stages

Question 13

Social-cognitive

Answer 13

environment affects our behavior

Question 13

Internal v. external locus of control

Answer 13

internal locus of control: they believe they’re responsible for their own success

external locus of control: luck or fate controls their outcomes

Question 13

Inferiority complex

Answer 13

our behavior is trying to “conquer” childhood feelings. Ex someone who wants a lot of love as an adult, may not have felt loved as a child. (Alfred Adler)

Question 13

Myers Briggs type indicator

Answer 13

this test labels a person as a type “thinking type” or “feeling type”

Question 14

Defense Mechanisms- Repression

Answer 14

rids anxiety from consciousness

Question 15

Defense Mechanisms- Rationalization

Answer 15

self-justifying instead of owning up to what happened (didn’t play well, look for a reason why. they’re typically lame)

Question 16

Defense Mechanisms- Displacement

Answer 16

moving aggressive behaviors onto someone or something non-threatening (don’t play well/lose a game take it out on parents)

Question 17

Defense Mechanisms- Regression

Answer 17

reverting to an earlier stage in life when stressed (I hug a stuffed animal when I’m upset)

Question 18

Defense Mechanisms- Projection:

Answer 18

placing our own issue onto someone else (cheated on a test, but blamed your friend for cheating off of you)

Question 19

Defense Mechanisms- Reaction formation:

Answer 19

changing unacceptable, hurtful realities into saying the opposite (if someone doesn’t make a team, they’ll say it’s stupid

Question 20

Defense Mechanisms- Denial

Answer 20

not believing/accepting hurtful realities (when I did badly on my chem final, I assumed my test got switched with someone’s test)

Question 21

Defense Mechanisms- Sublimation

Answer 21

deciding instead to join more socially valued areas (when someone doesn’t make the volleyball team they join cross country instead)

Question 22

MMPI

Answer 22

classic personality inventory. identifies both personality traits and emotional disorders

Question 23

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 23

oral- biting chewing, sucking
anal- anal activity (going to the bathroom)
phallic - strong attachment to parent of opposite sex
latency- making friendships and head toward more boy things and more girl things
genital - attracted to opposite sex and aware of own identity

Question 24

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 24

your internal traits bring to the environment. then you influences the environment and the environment influences you (Because I love volleyball and playing with my friends, I’m happy being there and because I’m happy my teammates joke around with me and we make practice fun)

Question 25

Humanistic theorist

Answer 25

Carl Rogers - unconditional positive regard

Question 26

Neo Freudian theorists

Answer 26

Carl Jung - collective unconscious
Alfred Adler - inferiority complex
Karen Horney - early social relations (more feminine)

Question 27

Trait theory

Answer 27

Big five, MMPI, empirical evidence (information gathered through observation or experimentation used to confirm or disconfirm a scientific theory)