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Biology 1000 > Unit 7-Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Unit 7-Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define autotrophs

A

Make their own food

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2
Q

Define photo-autotrophs

A

Use light as energy and make their own food

Ie) plants

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3
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

Pants concert CO2 and H2O to their own organic molecule and release O2 as a by product

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4
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

Can’t make their own food

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5
Q

What do photo-autotrophs need from their environment to make their good

A

Light
CO2
H2O

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6
Q

What does the green colour of plants come from

A

The chlorophyll found inside the chloroplasts

They are light absorbing pigments

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7
Q

Where are chloroplasts concentrated

A

In the cells of the mesophyll

Green tissue in the interior of the leaf

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8
Q

What are the tiny pores called that lets out oxygen

A

Stomata

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9
Q

What is the fluid called that is within the chloroplasts

A

Stroma

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10
Q

What are the thylakoids

Where are the chlorophyll molecules within this

A

Interconnected membrane sacs that inclose the thylakoid space and are stacked up in grana
Chlorophyll is built into the thylakoid membranes

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11
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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12
Q

What type of process is photosynthesis

A

A redox process

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13
Q

Explain light dependent reactions

A

Include the steps that convert light energy into chemical energy and release O2
Water is split providing a source of electrons and giving off O2 as a byproduct. Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophylls
And generates ATP from ADP

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14
Q

What does the chlorophyll do in the light dependent reaction

A

Used the light to drive the transfer of electrons and H+ from water to the electron acceptor NADP+ and reduces it to NADPH

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15
Q

Where does light dependent reactions take place

A

In the thylakoid membranes

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16
Q

Does light dependent reactions produce sugar

A

NO

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17
Q

Explain the Calvin cycle

A

A series of cycle reactions that assembles sugar molecules by using CO2 and the products from the first step

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18
Q

What is carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle

A

The incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds

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19
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

A

In the stroma of the chloroplasts

20
Q

After carbon fixation what occurs

A

Enzymes make sugars by further reducing the carbon compounds

21
Q

What is used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon

A

The NADPH from the light dependent reaction

22
Q

For chloroplasts to produce sugar from CO2 in the dark they would need to be supplied with what

A

ATP and NADPH

23
Q

What are pigments how do they work

A

Light absorbing molecules
Only absorb some wavelengths and the others are either reflected off the chloroplast or transmitted through the chloroplast

24
Q

Why do plants show green

A

Because different pigments can absorb different wavelengths and in plants Chlorophyll a participates which plays in a role with what type of light is absorbed or reflected

25
Q

Define a photon

A

A packet of energy

26
Q

Does shorter wavelengths mean more or less energy

A

More energy

27
Q

What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle

A

Fixation
Reduction
Regeneration

28
Q

What happened when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon of light

A

One of the pigments electrons jumps to an energy level further from the nucleus this makes the electron have more potential energy and is now in an excited state

29
Q

What happens when the electron falls back to the ground state

A

It emits its energy as heat and light

30
Q

Define a photosystem

A

Consists of a number of light harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction centre complex

31
Q

What are the two types of complexes

A 
Light harvesting complex 
- Contains various pigment molecules
- Acts as a light gathering antenna 
Reaction centre complex 
-  contains the pair of special chlorophyll a molecules and the primary electron acceptor
32
Q

In photosynthesis __ is oxidized and ___ is reduced

A

Water

Carbon dioxide

33
Q

What are produced by reactions that take place in the thylakoids and consumed by reactions in the stroma

A

ATP

NADPH

34
Q

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules in the reaction centre complex they lose electrons which are ultimately replaced by

A

Splitting water

35
Q

The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light but they usually do not occur at night why?

A

The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light dependent reactions

36
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose

A

6

37
Q

What does not occur during the Calvin cycle

A

Release of oxygen

38
Q

Why is it difficult for most plants to carry out photosynthesis in very hot dry environments such as deserts

A

The closing of stromata keeps CO2 from entering and O2 from leaving the plant

39
Q

In the light dependent reaction electrons removed from __ pass from ___ to ____ to ____

A

H2O
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
NADP+

40
Q

Where do photo excited electrons go

A

From the photo system I they are passed through a short electron transport chain to NADP+ reducing it to NADPH

41
Q

What powers ATP synthesis in the light dependent reactions

A

Chemiosmosis

42
Q

What is the chemiosmotic production of ATP called in photosynthesis

A

Photo phosphorylation

43
Q

How des photo and oxidative phosphorylation compare

A

In cellular respiration the high energy electrons passed down the chain come from the oxidative molecules and in photo light energy is used to drive electrons that originally came from water

44
Q

What is regenerated with each turn of the Calvin cycle

A

A five carbon sugar called ribulose bisphosphate

45
Q

What happens in the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle

A

The enzyme rubisco attaches CO2 to the 5 carbon sugar

46
Q

What happens in the reduction reaction of the Calvin cycle

A

NADPH reduced the organic acid by using ATP to make a sugar molecule but to complete it it needs three molecules of carbon but it is only give one carbon per cycle

47
Q

To synthesize one glucose molecule the Calvin cycle uses __ CO2 and ___ ATP and __ NADPH.

A

6
18
12

Biology 1000 (11 decks)

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