UNIT 7. PERSUASION and POETICS, RHETORIC and RESISTANCE

Question 1

What does the following description refer to?

“It is the study of style as means of analyzing works of literature and their effect”. (Webster dictionary,1991).

Answer 1

Literary Stylistics

Question 2

What does the following description refer to?

Is literature, and other forms of written texts such as advertisements, pop culture materials, or religious texts.

Answer 2

Main object of stylistic studies

Question 3

What do the following items refer to?

The use of dialogue, regional accents, people`s dialects, the use of descriptive language

figures of thought : focus on meaning ( metaphors , figurative language, hyperbole) the use of grammar (active/passive voice,) – the distribution of sentence lengths, etc.

– alliteration. consonance, assonance.

Rhyme, parallel structure ( the use of the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance)

– eye rhyme

Answer 3

features of Literary Stylistics

Question 4

What does the following description refer to?

These techniques are used to catch our attention, to establish credibility and trust, and to motivate us to act (buy, vote, give money, etc.).

Answer 4

Persuasion

Question 5

What does the following description refer to?

refers to the approach to the study of discourse in general that views language as a form of social practice and focuses on the ways social and political domination are reproduced by text and talk.

Answer 5

Critical Discourse Analysis

Question 6

What does the following description refer to?

refers to the style of public discourse that simulates intimacy by adopting features of informal, conversational language. It is also known as public colloquial language”. People who may look as though they are having an ‘ordinary’ conversation on a television ‘chat show’ are in fact, of course, performing in front of the cameras and as much in the public domain as you could possibly imagine.”

Answer 6

Conversationalization

Question 7

What does the following description refer to?

is a process of decoding the sounds that one hears in a linear fashion, from the smallest meaningful units (phonemes) to complete texts. Listening is fundamental for speaking.

Answer 7

Listening

Question 8

What does the following description refer to?

Listening to spoken English let the students hear different language varieties and accents.

Answer 8

Reasons for teaching listening

Question 9

What does the following definitions refer to?

It helps the students to acquire language subconsciously( students are exposed to language – pronunciation, rhythm, intonation, stress).

Answer 9

Reasons for teaching listening

Question 10

What does the following description refer to?

is usually performed outside the class room ,( It is then followed in class by general questions establishing context ). It offers greater motivation because the students choose the source for the listening activity.

Answer 10

Extensive listening

Question 11

What does the following description refer to?

is a class listening, followed by detailed comprehension question.

Answer 11

Intensive listening

Question 12

What the following items refer to?

class size ( large ), poor acoustic conditions, having to move at the same speed for everyone.

Answer 12

disadvantages of Intensive Listening

Question 13

What does the following items refer to?

reading aloud (together with the recording).
repetition of chunks of material during short pauses.

Answer 13

activities suggested for intensive listening

Question 14

What does the following description refer to?

Answer 14

Its main goal is to enable learners to use English effectively. It is a very complex activity that involves different aspects.

Question 15

What does the following description refer to?

is another very significant aspect in teaching speaking.

The main goal of ___________ in EFL is to promote the acquisition of accent- free speech , but this is often something that is difficult to achieve for non-native speakers . For this reason, the majority of teaching pronunciation classes are centered on having students produce comprehensible and natural-sounding speech

Answer 15

Teaching pronunciation

Question 16

What do the following items refer to?

Native Language
Age
Exposure
Innate phonetic ability
Identity and language ego
Motivation

Answer 16

Aspects that affect pronunciation

Question 17

What does the following description refer to?

The most influential factor. It can be overcome through a focused effort on the learner’s part.

Answer 17

Native Language

Question 18

What does the following description refer to?

Children under the age of 11- 13 have an excellent chance to sound like a native.

Answer 18

Age

Question 19

What does the following description refer to?

quality and intensity of exposure to a foreign language

Answer 19

Exposure

Question 20

What does the following description refer to?

an “ear” for language.

Answer 20

Innate phonetic ability

Question 21

What does the following description refer to?

students need to become aware of the second identity they learn together with the target language.

Answer 21

Identity and language ego factors

Question 22

What does the following description refer to?

And concern for good pronunciation.

Answer 22

Motivation

Question 23

What does the following description refer to?

The teacher should give students the chance to realize that mistake was made. It can be done by:

– repeating the incorrect form with a questioning intonation,

– giving the correct form or the beginning of it, – repeating the sentence up to the error

Answer 23

self–correction techniques

Question 24

What does the following description refer to?

The teacher may use facial expression , or ask “ Sorry?”

– The teacher may use “ no “gestures with his or her hands

– The teacher may give the learner a choice ( Ex: cheap- cheaper.. more cheap?).

Answer 24

self - correction with teacher’s help

Question 25

What does the following description refer to?

It has always been part of applied linguistics. It is probably the most difficult skill for learners to master. It is a very complex skill. In the past, it was believed that writing reflected a student`s knowledge of other skills such as speaking. Nowadays, writing does not represent only the speaking ability of students, but communicative competence in general.

We have to generate and organize ideas , and translate those ideas into a readable text. In addition, writing involves skills such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, word choice, appropriateness of style, etc.

Answer 25

Writing

Question 26

What does the following items refer to?

REINFORCEMENT . Students benefit from seeing the language in written form.

– LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT. The process of writing helps students to learn language.

Answer 26

Reasons for teaching writing

Question 27

What type of activity is Writing?

Answer 27

slower reflective activity

Question 28

What does the following description refer to?

is necessary for writing letters, reports, etc. Students need to know punctuation, and paragraph construction.

Answer 28

Writing as a skill

Question 29

What do the following items refer to?

Narration

Description

Persuasion

Exposition

Research Writing

Response to Literature

Writing for assessment

Answer 29

Types of writing

Question 30

What does the following description refer to?

a postcard to a friend, a note to yourself in your agenda, or a personal journal essay – is a writing from you and for you

Answer 30

Reflexive writing

Question 31

What does the following description refer to?

is for others and for others. This is a general writing.

Answer 31

Extensive writing

Question 32

What do the following items refer to?

– Gathering information and ideas relevant to the topic.

– Organizing the information and ideas into a logical sequence.

– Structuring the sequence into sections and paragraphs.

– Expressing the information and ideas in a written draft. – Editing the draft and writing out a final text.

Answer 32

Writing at higher levels

Question 33

What does the following description refer to?

Write a radio news bulletin, reports, etc.

write a description

to write Parallel composition

to write Parallel letters

to write advertisements/menus.

Another interesting activity could be:

Altering dictations

Answer 33

Beginner - intermediate tasks

Question 34

What does the following description refer to?

write narrative compositions.

write letters to a newspaper in response to a controversial article. –articles / dialogues and play scripts
expand a variety of headlines into newspaper articles.

create picture compositions – stories based on a sequence of pictures.

Answer 34

Intermediate - advanced tasks

Question 35

What does the following description refer to?

Reading is beneficial for language students. Any exposure to English texts provides them understanding of grammar structures, allows them to expand vocabulary, learn idiomatic expressions, punctuation, the way to construct sentences, and paragraphs, etc.

Answer 35

Reasons for teaching reading

Question 36

What do the following items refer to?

scan, skim, read for comprehension, look for information, read for general understanding, retain chunks of language, recognize a core of words, interpret word order patterns and their significance, recognize grammatical word classes, systems, rules, etc.,

– recognize that a particular meaning may be expressed in different grammatical forms,

– recognize the rhetorical form, recognize the communicative functions of texts, according to form and purpose, infer context,

– infer links and connections, deduce causes and effects, distinguish between literal and implied meanings,

– recognize Genre Conventions.

Answer 36

Reading skills that students should acquire

Question 37

What does the following description refer to?

involves the rapid reading of large quantities of material or longer readings (e.g. , whole books) for general understanding, with the focus generally on the meaning of what is being read rather than on the language.

Answer 37

Extensive reading

Question 38

What do the following items refer to?

Students read self-selected large amounts of reading materials.

– It is a supplementary activity.

– Students read at their own level and time. Read for pleasure, students read different materials in terms of topic and genre.

– The reading material is within the student’s level of comprehension.

– The teacher and students keep track of the student’s progress.

Answer 38

Characteristics of Extensive Reagind

Question 39

What do the following items refer to?

• Enhanced language learning in spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and text structure.
• Increased knowledge of the world.
• Improved reading and writing skills.
• Reading for pleasure.
• More positive attitude toward reading.
• Higher possibility of developing a reading habit.

Answer 39

Benefits of extensive reading

Question 40

What do the foloowing items refer to?

– Students may keep records of what they read.

– Create wall chart for subsequent discussion in class.

– Write summaries of the whole text of each chapter, etc.

Answer 40

Extensive Reading tasks

Question 41

What do the following items refer to?

Students work with short texts with close guidance from the teacher. Students read to obtain detailed meaning from the text.

Answer 41

Characteristics of Intensive Reading

Question 42

What do the following items refer to?

– to identify the main idea,

– to recognize text connectors,

– to enhance vocabulary and grammar knowledge, etc.

Answer 42

Mains goals of Intensive Reading

Question 43

What do the following items refer to?

–Match nouns and verbs, Split sentences, Combine sentences

– Make summarie, Reorder sentences and paragraphs

– Fill the gaps, Take sides, Read and choose, Select a summary, Compare versions, Identify facts and opinions, Focus on form and style.

Answer 43

Intensive reading activities

Question 44

What does the following description refer to?

involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks

Answer 44

Intensive reading