UNIT 3. LANGUAGES in the CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Question 1

What does the following definition refer to?

It can be defined as a manner of acting, feeling, or thinking that shows ones disposition; opinion, or ones disposition, mental set, etc.

Answer 1

Attitude

Question 2

To which term do the following characteristics refer?

–The opinions, ideas and prejudices that speakers have with respect to a language.

– The feelings people have about their own language variety or languages or language varieties of others

Answer 2

Language Attitude

Question 3

What does the following definition refer to?

Is a group of languages derived from the same ( parental ) language

Answer 3

Language Family

Question 4

What does the following definition refer to?

Distinct languages which can be traced back to a common source are said to be _________.

Answer 4

Relation Languages

Question 5

To which language group do the following belong?

French, Spanish, Italian ,Romanian, Portuguese.

Answer 5

Romance Languages

Question 6

To which language group do the following belong?

German, Norwegian, Swedish Dutch, Dane, English.

Answer 6

Germanic Languages

Question 7

To which language group do the following belong?

Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Check.

Answer 7

Slavic Languages

Question 8

What is the consequence of the following factors?

–culture change

– movement of people / migration ( trade, travel, war)

– new religions, beliefs, values, behaviours.

– language spread

– geographical spread.

– isolation

– borrowings

Answer 8

Reasons of language change

Question 9

What does the following definition refer to?

Influence of other languages

Answer 9

Borrowings

Question 10

What does the following definition refer to?

An __________ language is unrelated to any others, which makes it the only language in its own language family.

Answer 10

Insolated / Insolation

Question 11

What does the following definition refer to?

(destroying a people’s culture ) : for example, Australian aborigines, North American Native people, India, etc.

As a result of these phenomenon new tendencies to revive the culture and
language have appeared

Answer 11

Ethnocide

Question 12

What does the following definition refer to?

Is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common .

Answer 12

Pidgin languages

Question 13

What does the following definition refer to?

( killing of people) – For example the Tasmanian tribes.

Answer 13

Genocide

Question 14

What do the following factors represent?

• Intercommunication
• Prestige
• Necessity

Answer 14

The factors responsible for changes in the lexicon of English during Middle English period

Question 15

What does the following definition refer to?

communication among the monolingual English inhabitants and the bilingual members of the ruling and merchant classes

Answer 15

Intercommunication

Question 16

What does the following definition refer to?

One who used French words might hope to be identified with the upper classes.

Answer 16

Prestige

Question 17

What does the following definition refer to?

Farmers, merchants, servants, defendants in the court needed the language; university students, the clergy., Necessity involved the borrowing of lexical items in social, political, and economic, but not linguistic fields.

Answer 17

Necessity

Question 18

What does the following definition refer to?

Are those born into the language (to contrast it with the second language speakers – those who learned the language through special education (Jenkins, 2009:16).

Answer 18

Native speakers

Question 19

What does the following definition refer to?

Is a way to refer to communication in English between speakers who have different first languages. In other words, _______ is used to facilitate communication among speakers of different languages.

Answer 19

English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)

Question 20

What do the following factors represent?

–Historical reasons

– Internal political reasons

– External / Internal economic reasons

– Practical reasons

– Intellectual reasons

– Entertainment reasons

Answer 20

Reasons for English becoming a Lingua Franca

Question 21

What does the following description refer to?

Investigates problems in the world in which language is implicated.

Answer 21

Applied linguistics

Question 22

What does the following description refer to?

predominantly English-speaking countries

Answer 22

Inner circle

Question 23

What does the following description refer to?

of the former colonies where English is an official language

Answer 23

outer circle