Unit 7 Personality Flashcards
Free association
Therapy technique that involves patients expressing thoughts and feelings without censorship, allowing access to unconscious material and deeper self-understanding
personality definition
a perosn’s charateristic patter of thinking, feeling, and acting
Psychodynamic
a psychological perspective that emphasizes the role of unconscious forces in shaping personality and behavior
Id, Ego, and Superego
unconcious
unacceptable wishes, thoughts, feelings and memories
drives us
consciousness
things we are aware of
preconsciousness
things we can be aware of when we thing of tem
Ego
rational side of persoanlity that directs and control instincts to guide decisions
reality principle
Id
Exists in the unconscious
Works on the pleasure principle (avoid pain and receive instant gratification)
“Devil on the shoulder”
Hidden true wants and desires
reality principle
meets the demands of Id in realistic ways
superego
consciousness
focus on how we ought to behave (morals)
angel on the shoulder
last to develop
defense mechanisms
the egos protective methods of recuing anxiety by unconsciosly distoring reality
Repression
he unconscious blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts
ie cant rememeber childhood abuse
Denial
ignoring the reality of a situation to avoid the uncomfortable feelings associated with it
“i can quit anytime”
Reaction formation
behaving in a way that is the opposite of one’s true feelings and impulses
ie boy bullying girl bc hes attacted to her
Sublimation
channelling unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors into those that are socially or personally acceptable
ie someone with anger issues chanelling their anger into sports
Regression
retreating to an earlier stage of development in response to stress or anxiety
ie driver stuck in traffic throws a tantrum
Projection
attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to someone else
ie accusing your partner of cheating when youve been unfaithful
Intellectualization
focusing on abstract thoughts and logic to avoid dealing with uncomfortable emotions
ie man who lost his wife may focus his energy on the funeral instead of gried
Rationalization
creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviors or thoughts
ie student rejected from dream school says they didnt want to go there anyways
Displacement
redirecting negative emotions or implies form its original source to a less threatening recipient
ie angry at boss but hits wife instead
main principles of humanistic personality
doesnt believe in determinism
free will- childhood doesnt define uou
people are innately good
as long as self image and self esteem are postive, one will be happy
Self actualization:
We try to reach this state by fulfilling our best version or potential of us
Top of hierarchy of needs
hiearchy of needs
self actualization
esteem
belonging
safety
psyiological
Unconditional Positive Regard
Acceptance of people as they are, not how you expect or want them to be
person-centered perspective
inconditional positive regard
projective tests
clinal studies evaluated by a liscenced professional
subjects are shwn ambigious images and asked to interpret them
TAT and inkblot
Thematic appreciation test (TAT)
projective test in which peopl eexpress their inner feelings, emotions, and interests through the stories they make up about random scenes
Rorschech inkblot test
projective test uses a set of 10 inkblots
idetify peeps inner feelings by analuzing their inrepretation of the blots
1st used to identify schizophrenia
trait persepective
define personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns
myers-brings and big five
ie honest, moody, dependanle, ect
The Big 5 factors
trait research that assesses 5 traits
Openness
Conscientious
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness
reflects an individual’s curiosity, imagination, and appreciation for new experiences and ideas.
High: curiosity, original, intellectual, imaginative, appreciation for new ideas
Low: practical and conventional
Conscientious
encompasses traits like organization, responsibility, and diligence
High: organized, systematic, efficient, reliable, goal-orientated, responsible
Low: flexible and spontaneous
Extraversion
refers to an individual’s sociability, assertiveness, and need for social interaction
High: outgoing, talkative, energetic, sociable, assertive
Low: reserved and independent
Agreeableness
reflects an individual’s tendency to be cooperative, compassionate, and trusting.
High: tolerant, trusting, kind, cooperative, compassionate
Low: skeptical and assertive
Neuroticism
reflects an individual’s emotional stability and tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, worry, and sadness
High: anxious, irritable, moody
Low: emotionally stable and reliant
motivation definition
a need or desire that enerfizes and directs behavior
product of biologu and experience
instinct
an unlearened or innate response to help as survive
Drive reduction theory
physiological needs drive us to satisfy these needs (ie hungry = eat)
homeostasis
homeostatsis
a stady, balanced, internal state
Arousal theory
motivated by a need to experience an ideal level of arousal (ie end boredom)
yerkes-dodson law
yerkes-dodson law
moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
Incentive theory
being driven to perform a behavior because of some pay off
intrinsic incentives
internal need for achievement (i do it bc i enjoy it)
extrinsic incentive
external reinforcement ( i do it for a reward)
Locus of control
the extent to which people feel they have control over the events that influence their lives
influences motivation
internal locus of control
believe you control what happens in life
responsible for actions
self efficacy
Self efficacy
belief in your ability to complete a task
external locus of control
believe you have no control and external vaiables are to blame (luck or chance)
learned helplessness
learned helplessness
belief you are powerless to change your situation
emotion definiton
an immediate or nefativ eresponse to stimuli in the enviro that influences thought and behavtior
James-Lange Theory
emotions are a result of our interpretation of physiological reactions to stimuli, rather than the other way around
arousal before emions
amygdala, spinal cord, briain
cannon-bard theory
physiological responses and emotions occur simultaneosuly and independently
triggered by thalamus
ie jumpscares
2 factor theory
emotions result from a combo of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal
