Unit 2b Flashcards
brain stem
lower part of brian
connects the cerebrum w/ spinal cord
regulates autonomic nervous system
medulla, PONS, thalamusm cerebellum
medulla
base of brainstem
responsible for life maintaing proceses such as breathing and heartbeat
rriggers vomitting and sneezing
cerebellum
behind top portion of brainstem
fine motor control (handwriting, coordination, posture and balance)
damage can cause balance, coordinaton and spacial awareness difficulties
helps w/ learning and rememberins skills
alchohol has significant affect on it
reticular activating system
controls arousal and consciousness
damage can cause coma
limbic system
borders brain stem
behaviors related to emotions, motivation, encoding of memories, and smell
amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
thalamys
sits on top of brain stem
brains sensory control center
incoming senroy info is received her and sent to cortex for processessing
hypothalamus
regulastes the autonomic nervous system
monitors and regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, and sexual resposes
hormomes alert it of bodily states
hippocampus
helps store info into long term memnory
stores spatial memory
one of 1st regions affected by alzheimers
amygdala
processes emotions, especialy fear and aggression
triggers fight or flight
damage can cause peeps to lose their snse of fear, cause agression, or make them very passive
helps read others emotions
store memories form emotional situations
PONS
connects spinal cord to brain
involved in automatic processes, especially the sleep wake cycle
prefrontal cortex
judgement, planning, reasoning, problem solving, and personality
helps with moral judgement
people w/ damge can lose thir moral compass
motor cortex
located in the rear of frontal lobes
controls voluntary movement
brocas area
involved in speech production
located in left frontla lobe next to motor cortex
brocas aphasia
difficulting in producing speech and written language
frontal lobe
motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
brocas area
cerebral cortex
outer layer of brian
involved in complex functions such as thought, awareness, memory, language and consiousness
divided by left and right hemispheres
parietal lobes
procsses sensorty signlas
helps with spacial oreintation
somatosensoty cortex
top of brain
somatosensory cortex
located in parietal lobes
registeers and processes body tough and movement sensations
sits behind motor cortex
temporal lobes
involved in hearing, language processing, and memory
connected to limbic system
storage of long-term memories
primary auditory cortex
wernickes area
sides of brain
primary auditory cortext
in temporal lobe
main site of auditory perception and processing
wernickes area
comprehension and understanding of written and spoken language
wernickes aphasia
difficulting expressing and understading written and spoken words
sentences produced are disorganizewd and lack meaning
right fusiform gyrus
allows people to recognize human faces
prospognasia
unable to recognize faces
occipital lobes
processes visual info from eyes
back of brain
develops first
corpus callosum
Large band of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres
Allows both hemispheres to communicate with each other
plasiticity
brains ability to change buy reorganzing after damage by building new pathways based on experience
easiest during childhood
neurogenesis
formation of new neurons
only occurs in memory and smell
left hemisphere
control and sensory processing of right side of body
speech, language, and comprehension
math calculations
time and sequencing
recongition of words, letters and numbers
right hemishepre
sensory processing and control of left side of body
soatual ability
modulating speech
recognizing faces, places and objects
perceiving and expressing emotion
EEG
records brains electrical activity
helps idetify seizures and abnormaliities
fMRI
examines brain by measuring blood flow and oxygen use to certain regions
split brain
Have the corpus callosum cut
Left and right hemispheres no longer can communicate with each other
Used to treat severe epilepsy
circadiam rhuthm
Biological rhythms that concur once every 24 hrs; sleep-wake cycle
hormone that causes sleep
melotonin
NREM 1
5-10 min
brain waves slow down
heartrate slows, body relaxes, muscles may twitch
NREM 2
10-30 min
rapid burst of brain waves
breathing regulates, body temp drops, new memories form, short dreas
50% of sleep at night
NREM 3
20-40 min
slow brain waves
muscles relax, body starts physical repairs, shirt dreans
deep sleep
REM
10-50 min
very fast waves
bdoy is relazed, eyes move rapidly, vivid and long freams
how many times sleep sycle per night
4-6
sleep deficit
sick easier
increase appetite (ghrelin)
increases stress hormone: cortisol
driver fatigue
high bp, stress, depression, irritability
dream consolidation theory
we dream bc its brains way of consolidating memories and events while we sleep
why we dream: physiological
neural ability provides periodic simulation of the brianw
why we dream: cognative development
dramatize wishes, fears and concens
lucid dream
when you know you are deaming while u are aleep
control how dream unfolds
manifest
sites, sounds, and storyline of freamla
latent
unconsiouss drives and wishes, symbolism of fream
insomnia
the inability to fall asleep and stay asleep
narcolepsy
prevents a person from choosing when to wake or sleep.
night terrors
times of screaming or crying, intense fear, and sometimes waving arms and legs when not fully awake.
sleep apnea
sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
REM sleep behavior disorder
act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep
