Unit 5 Learning Flashcards
learning
relative change of behavior or mental processes
acquisition of knowledge
behaviorism
studies only observable behvaior and their changes
focus on how the enriconment affects behavior, not emotions or cognition
classical conditioing
the type of learning in which a response naturally elcitied by 1 stimulus becomes to be elicited by a different, formally neutral stimulus
pavlov and watson
operant conditiojing
voluntayr behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishmebts
bf skinner
social/observational learning
behaviors are learned by observing a model
albert bandura
associaiotn
learn to connect 2 previosly unconnected elements
contigency
understanding cause and effect
classical conditioning formula
UCS
UCR
CS
CR
UCS
unconditione stimulus
a stimulus that automatically triggers a response
UCR
unconditioned response
a response that is automarically triggered by uCS
neutral stimulus
a stimulus a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
CS
conditioned stimulus
an originally neitral stimulus now triggers an automatic response
CR
conditioned response
a learned, automatic response to the once neutral, but now conditioned stimulus
extinction
a decrease in the strength or frequency of s learned response bc of no longer paringing the UCS and CS
used in therapy to treat certain phobias
stimulus generaliation
the transfer of a learned reponse to a different stimulus
learned in adcertising
stimulus discrimination
learni g to respond to only one stimuus and have no reponse to all other stimuli
spontaneous revoery
reappearance of an extinguisehed response after the passage of time w/out further conditioning
avpodance conditionng
when an prganism avoids a stimulus that causes anxiety and this never experiences extinciton of the anxiety
perpetuates phobia
operant conditioing
when a behavior is learned as a result of the rewards or punishments associated with that behavior
voluntary
reinforer/reinforcement
a stimulus or event that follows a behaviro and makes that behavir more likely in the future
positive reinforcement
a response is strengthened by the presentation of a rewarding stimulu
adding
negative reinformcent
a response is strenghtened by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
subtracting
punisher/punishment
a stimulus or event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior less likely in the future
positive punishment
adding smth tp the sitattion to deccrease a bahevior
negative punishment
taking away smth of value to decrease behavior
less likely to heppen in the future
law of effect
ation that are followed by reinformcent will be strengthened and more likely to occur in the future
reinforcement schedules
a pattern that specifies how often a desired response will be reinforeced
defined in terms of time and/or number of reponses in orded to present/remove a punisher/behavior
continous reinforcemnt
reinforcement that occurs after every performace of a desired behavior
most effective when teaching a new behavior
intermittent reinforcement
reinforcemnt occurs after a desired behavior based on an interval or ration
fized ratio
reifrocement after a preterdermined set of reponses
variable ratation
reifrocemnt is unpredictable bc the numbe rvairss
fixed interval
reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed
variable interval
reinforcemnet in unpredicatble bc the time varies
social learning theory
the type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing models
modeling
the process of observingn and imitating a specidic behaviro
prosocial behavior
positive, constructive, helpful behavior
have prosocial effects
antisocial behavior
hostile, harmful or destruvtuove bahavior that deviates from the norms of society
