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AP Psychology > Unit 5 Learning > Flashcards

Unit 5 Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

learning

A

relative change of behavior or mental processes
acquisition of knowledge

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2
Q

behaviorism

A

studies only observable behvaior and their changes
focus on how the enriconment affects behavior, not emotions or cognition

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3
Q

classical conditioing

A

the type of learning in which a response naturally elcitied by 1 stimulus becomes to be elicited by a different, formally neutral stimulus
pavlov and watson

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4
Q

operant conditiojing

A

voluntayr behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishmebts
bf skinner

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5
Q

social/observational learning

A

behaviors are learned by observing a model
albert bandura

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6
Q

associaiotn

A

learn to connect 2 previosly unconnected elements

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7
Q

contigency

A

understanding cause and effect

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8
Q

classical conditioning formula

A

UCS
UCR
CS
CR

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9
Q

UCS

A

unconditione stimulus
a stimulus that automatically triggers a response

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10
Q

UCR

A

unconditioned response
a response that is automarically triggered by uCS

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11
Q

neutral stimulus

A

a stimulus a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

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12
Q

CS

A

conditioned stimulus
an originally neitral stimulus now triggers an automatic response

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13
Q

CR

A

conditioned response
a learned, automatic response to the once neutral, but now conditioned stimulus

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14
Q

extinction

A

a decrease in the strength or frequency of s learned response bc of no longer paringing the UCS and CS
used in therapy to treat certain phobias

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14
Q

stimulus generaliation

A

the transfer of a learned reponse to a different stimulus
learned in adcertising

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14
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

learni g to respond to only one stimuus and have no reponse to all other stimuli

14
Q

spontaneous revoery

A

reappearance of an extinguisehed response after the passage of time w/out further conditioning

15
Q

avpodance conditionng

A

when an prganism avoids a stimulus that causes anxiety and this never experiences extinciton of the anxiety
perpetuates phobia

16
Q

operant conditioing

A

when a behavior is learned as a result of the rewards or punishments associated with that behavior
voluntary

17
Q

reinforer/reinforcement

A

a stimulus or event that follows a behaviro and makes that behavir more likely in the future

18
Q

positive reinforcement

A

a response is strengthened by the presentation of a rewarding stimulu
adding

19
Q

negative reinformcent

A

a response is strenghtened by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
subtracting

20
Q

punisher/punishment

A

a stimulus or event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior less likely in the future

21
Q

positive punishment

A

adding smth tp the sitattion to deccrease a bahevior

22
Q

negative punishment

A

taking away smth of value to decrease behavior
less likely to heppen in the future

23
Q

law of effect

A

ation that are followed by reinformcent will be strengthened and more likely to occur in the future

24
Q

reinforcement schedules

A

a pattern that specifies how often a desired response will be reinforeced
defined in terms of time and/or number of reponses in orded to present/remove a punisher/behavior

25
Q

continous reinforcemnt

A

reinforcement that occurs after every performace of a desired behavior
most effective when teaching a new behavior

26
Q

intermittent reinforcement

A

reinforcemnt occurs after a desired behavior based on an interval or ration

27
Q

fized ratio

A

reifrocement after a preterdermined set of reponses

28
Q

variable ratation

A

reifrocemnt is unpredictable bc the numbe rvairss

29
Q

fixed interval

A

reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed

30
Q

variable interval

A

reinforcemnet in unpredicatble bc the time varies

31
Q

social learning theory

A

the type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing models

32
Q

modeling

A

the process of observingn and imitating a specidic behaviro

33
Q

prosocial behavior

A

positive, constructive, helpful behavior
have prosocial effects

34
Q

antisocial behavior

A

hostile, harmful or destruvtuove bahavior that deviates from the norms of society

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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