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AP Psychology > Unit 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

nature

A

genetics determien behavior

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2
Q

nututre

A

enviro, upbringing and ezperiences determine behavvior

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3
Q

nature v nuture studies

A

identical twins

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4
Q

pass down adaptations

A

natural selections

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5
Q

survival of the fittest

A

those who aret eh most adapted to their enviro survive and reproduce
encouraged eugenics

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6
Q

identical/monozygotic twins

A

develop from 1 egg that slips
same genes

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7
Q

faterbak/dizygotic twins

A

differnet eggs
differetn genes

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8
Q

epigenetics

A

study of environments on genes

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9
Q

neurosystem

A

the bodys speedy, electro-chemicla communication

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10
Q

cental nervous system

A

controls entire body and mind
brain adn spinal cord
all messages to nd from btain through spinal cord

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11
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

network of nerves that connects the CNS to other parts of the body
contains sensory and motor neuronsq

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12
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary movement of the bodys skeletal muscles

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls glands and internal organs
hearbeat, digestion, release of hormones

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14
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight
prepares body for crisis
increased heart rate, blood [ressures and breathing

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15
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest adn digest
returns body to normal after crisis
calms you down and return to homeostasis
lower heart rate, bp, slow breathing

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16
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers in the brain that travels acros the synappse from 1 neuron to the nexg

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17
Q

synapse

A

meeting point between neurons

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18
Q

acetylcholine

A

involved in memory formation adn learning
disruption of ACh suppply to the brains memory centers can cause difficulting forming new memorites or learning new facts

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19
Q

defecit of acetycholine

A

alzheimers
paralysis or limited mobility

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20
Q

surplus of acetylcholine

A

violent muscles contractions and spasms

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21
Q

serotonin

A

regulates mood
involved in sleep/wake cycle
regulates appetite

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22
Q

serotonin deficit

A

depression
anxiety
OCD

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23
Q

dopamine

A

reward and motivation, pleasure

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24
Q

deficit in dopamine

A

parkinson’s

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25
Q

surplus of dopamine

A

schizophrenia

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26
Q

norepinephrine

A

arousal
fight or flight
incerases alertness, bp, and heart rate

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27
Q

endorphins

A

regulates pain perception
released during exercise
lineked to positiev emotions

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28
Q

glutamate

A

excitatory neurotransmitter
encourages neurons fire

29
Q

gaba

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter
slows things down
reduces a neurons likelihood of firing an action potential

30
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell
3 basic functions: receive, carry, and pass to the next neuron

31
Q

neural networks

A

thousand of neurons connect with each other

32
Q

dendrites

A

branches
recieve and integrate messages from other cells
biological basis for learning

33
Q

soma

A

cell body that maintains the health o fthe neuron

34
Q

axon

A

neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neruons or to muscles or glands
conducts action potential

35
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the axon and speds up electrical impuleses

36
Q

glial cells

A

form mylin sheath and provide support, nutritional bemefits, and protection for neurons

37
Q

axon terminaks

A

at the tup of the axon
stores NTs that release and attatch tp other neurons to send mesages
form junctions with other cells

38
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

disase that disrputs the flow of info in teh brain and form the brian to the body
results in loss of muscles control
caused by degeneration of the myelin sheath

39
Q

spinal cord

A

tube of neres that connects the brain to the rest of the body
all messages to anf from the brain run through the spinal cord

40
Q

sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry incoming infro from the sensoty receptors in teh body t o the spinal conrd and brain for processing
recieve stimuli from sensory organs

41
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons

42
Q

eferent neurons

A

motor neurons

43
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that carry outgoin info from the grain and sponal cord to the muscles and glands
control uscle movements and allow for voluntary and involuntary movements
located in the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

interneyrons

A

neurons that acct as the middle man b.w other neurons
connect sensory and motor neurons

45
Q

mirror neurons

A

neuron tha fires when someone perfors a movement and when someone observes the same moemebt performed by somene else
micing

46
Q

action potential

A

firing of a nueron
step 1) resting potential
step 2) thresholf
step 3) depolization
step 4) action potential
step 5) refractory period

47
Q

resting potential

A

imbalance of electrical charge that exists b/w the inside and outside of hte neuron when it isnt being used
polarized
capable of generating an action potential

48
Q

ion channels

A

gates in the axon that allow ions to flow in and out of the cell and change teh charge of the cell
closed during testing potential

49
Q

threshold

A

a minimum charge must be reached insdide the axon before the neuron can fire an action potential

50
Q

depolarization

A

when the indide of the cell becomes more positively charged
the energy is abt to produce an action potenti

51
Q

step 4 action potential

A

brief elecrical impulse that travels down the axon

52
Q

all or noting priciple

A

the action potential either ffires or it doesnt
all or nothign

53
Q

refractory period

A

recovery period after an action potetiak
neuron rechanges

54
Q

agonist

A

a substance that activates the receptors for certain NTs and mimics or strengthens the effect of that NT
ex: oxycodone, meth, cocain, morphone mimic endorphins

55
Q

antagonist

A

a substance that attaches to the receptors for certain NTs and blocks s them from having an effect
ex: haloperidol blocks dopaine to treat schizophrenia

56
Q

addictio

A

uncontrolale craving of a substance, ting of activity
rooted in the brain

57
Q

dependence

A

occurs when your body becomes sed to the effects of a drug/activit abd goes into withdrawal

58
Q

addiction causes

A

genetics
environment
mental health

59
Q

withdrawal

A

painful symptoms when someone suddenltu stops using whatever substance r behavior they were addicted to

60
Q

tolerance

A

diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use of a substance or activity requiring larger doses to create desired effets

61
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemcials that change perception moods and behviors
stimulants
depressents
hallycinogens

62
Q

depressants

A

drugs that calm neural activity and slows body
alcohol, sleep aids, opiates, marijuana

63
Q

alcohol

A

reduces REM
memory disruption

64
Q

barbituates

A

sleep aids
induce sleep or reduce anziety
valium, xanax

65
Q

opiates

A

narcotics
morphine, heroin, codeine, fentanyl
promote endorphins
deadly

66
Q

stimulants

A

temporarilt excite and arouse body functions
caffeoe, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, meth, ecstasy, weed

67
Q

hallucinogens

A

substances that change a persons percpetion of realotu
LSD, PCP, THC-weed, peuote cactus, shrooms

68
Q

marijuana

A

mostly a stimulnt and depresent but sometimes a hallucingenetic

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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