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AP Psychology > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

networl of nerves that connects the CNS to other parts of the body
contains sensory and motor neurons

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2
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntayr movement of the bodys skeletal muscles

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3
Q

automatic nervous system

A

controls glands and internal organs
heartbaeat, difrestion, hormomes, ect

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4
Q

sympathetic nervous sutem

A

fight or flight
perepares body for crisis

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5
Q

parasympatheitc nerocus systme

A

rests and digest
returns body to normal after crisis

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

made up of the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

withdrawl

A

painful symtpoms when someone suddenly stops using whatever substance/behavior they were addicted to

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8
Q

tolerance

A

diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use of a substance or activity requiring larger doeses to create desired effects

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9
Q

psychoactiev drugs

A

chemicals that change perceptions, moods and behabiprs

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10
Q

depressants

A

drugs taht calm neural acticity and slow body
alcohol, sleep aids, opiates, marijuana

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11
Q

alcohol

A

reduces rem
memory disrptoin

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12
Q

barbituatres

A

sleep aids
induce sleep or reduce anxiery

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13
Q

opiates

A

narcotisc
morphine, heroin, codeine, dentanly
promote endorphins

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14
Q

stimulants

A

temporarily excite and arouse bodily functions
caffenine, nictoine, ococaine,

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15
Q

hallociongens

A

substances that change a persons perception of reality
lsd, pcp. wjeed. shroom

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16
Q

case studies

A

examines one idividual or group in depth

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17
Q

naturalistic observatoin

A

observing and recodring behavior in a natural ocurring situtation
cant interact wiht enviro
cant determine cause and effect

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18
Q

survey

A

asks people to report their behavior or opinions through questionaires
not always jonest
cant determine cause and effect

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19
Q

positive correlation

A

when 2 variables increase or decrease togehter

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20
Q

negative correlation

A

when 1 increases, the other decreases

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21
Q

experiment

A

method where a researcher manipulates variables to see if it influneces other vriables
only way to determine cause and effect

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22
Q

psyhoanalytic persepctive

A

unconcious mind, motives, unresolved conflicts
oast experiences

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23
Q

evolutionary persepective

A

appriaches human cognition, emotions, and behavior through the effects of evolution

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24
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

ways apersons social experiencs and society effects them

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25
Q

behavioral perspective

A

leanring how the environment effects behavior

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26
Q

congtive perspective

A

how info is aquired, processed, stored and untilixed

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27
Q

biological perspective

A

looks at genetics, inheritance, family, history, neurvous system, immune sutem, and biologu

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28
Q

humantistic

A

lookst at individuals as a whole system through observation of behavior

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29
Q

operational definiton

A

defining a concept by how you plan to measure it

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30
Q

frontal lobe

A

judgement, planning, reasoning, problem solving, personality
moral judgement
develops last
contains motor cortex, brocas area, and prefrontal cortex

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31
Q

Brocas area

A

involved in speech production

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32
Q

brocas aphasia

A

difficultuy in producing speech

33
Q

pariatal loves

A

processes sensory signals
helps with spacial orientation
contains somatosensoty cortex

34
Q

temporal lobes

A

involved in hearing, language processing, and memory
connected to limbic system
stores long term memories
wernickes area, right fusiform gyrus

35
Q

wernickes area

A

involved in the comprehenion and understanding of written adn spoken language

36
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

difficulting expressing and understaind written and spoken words

37
Q

occiptal loves

A

processes vidual info from eyes

38
Q

sensation

A

detection of external stimuli via the 5 senses and the transition of this info to the brain

39
Q

perception

A

process of organizing and interpreting sensory info tso that it makes sense

40
Q

bottom up processing

A

starts with stimulus, travels through senses and analyzed by brain

41
Q

top down processing

A

using knowlefge, experence, or context to understand adn interpret sensory perceptions

42
Q

absolute threshold

A

the wekest amount of a stimuls a perso can detect half of the time

43
Q

differnce threshold

A

min amount smth needs to change before a person notices the change hald go the time

44
Q

cones

A

recpetors in the retina that detect color and fine details
in forvea

45
Q

rods

A

recceptors in the retina that enable black and white and peropjeral vision

46
Q

trichromatic theory

A

explains that rhere are 3 types of cones in teh retina
when stimulated in combo, they can produce the perception of color

47
Q

opponent processing theory

A

neurons work in pairs to help process color vision signlas
brrains create after images

48
Q

color blindess

A

caused by impaired finctioning to cone pairs

49
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells
recireb, cary and pass on to next neuron

50
Q

detrites

A

reciebe messages from other cells

51
Q

somas

A

cell body whih maintains the helah of the messsage

52
Q

axons

A

spreads the message to other neurons

53
Q

myelin shath

A

fatty tissue that perotects axon and speeds up electricla impulses

54
Q

axon terminals

A

form junctions with other cells

55
Q

motor neurons

A

control muscle movements and allow for involutary movements

56
Q

interneurons

A

connect sesnory and motor neurons to integrate sensoru infor

57
Q

sensory neurons

A

nerve fibers that reciebe stimuli from seonsry organs and send messages to brian for processing

58
Q

mirror neurons

A

fires when a person performs and action or observes someone else performing that same action

59
Q

agonist

A

a substance that activates the receptors for certian NTs and mimics/strenghtne the effect of that NT
heroin, oxycodine, cocane

60
Q

antagonist

A

a substance that attaches to the receptors for certain NTs and blocks them frm having an effet

61
Q

biologicl rhythm

A

series of bodily functions regulated by internal clock

62
Q

cicradian rhythms

A

biologucal rthythms that occur every 24 hrs based on light
4-6 times a night

63
Q

lasts 5-10 min
brain wves slow
heart slows, body relaxes

A

NREM 1

64
Q

10-30 min
rapid burst of brian waves
breathing regulates, body tem drops, new memories form

A

NREM 2

65
Q

20-40 min
slow brain waves
muscles relaex, body sttarts physical repaors, short burst dreams
hard to eake up

A

NREM 3

66
Q

10-50 min
active brain waves
body is relaxed, eyes moev rapidyl

A

REM

67
Q

manifest

A

sites, sunds, and story line of dream

68
Q

latanent content

A

unconsiuss drives and wishes, symbolic meaning of dream

69
Q

dream consolodation theory

A

the brains way of fonsilidating memories and events while sleep

70
Q

lucid dream

A

know you are dreaming while you are asleep

71
Q

cognition

A

thinking- the mental activites of aquiring, storing, retrievign and using knowledge

72
Q

prototype

A

mental image/best ex of a concept

73
Q

concept

A

a mental grouping of similar obects, people, events, ect

74
Q

schema

A

framework that helps us organi conceps/protpypes

75
Q

convergent thinking

A

narrowing down the availavle problem solutions to determine the single best answer

76
Q

divergent thinking

A

using creativity to consider many options

77
Q

algorithms

A

step by step method thay guarantees a solution

78
Q

heuristic

A

mental shortcuts that allows us to mae juegements and sovle problems quickly

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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