Unit 7 Part 1 and 2 - Screencasts Metabolism Appetite

Question 1

Which hormone primarily promotes glucose uptake and storage during the fed state?

a) Glucagon
b) Cortisol
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin

Answer 1

d) Insulin

Explanation: Insulin drives anabolic processes, including glucose uptake (e.g., via GLUT4 in muscle and fat), glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis.

Question 2

Which process produces new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?

a) Glycogenesis
b) Glycogenolysis
c) Gluconeogenesis
d) Lipogenesis

Answer 2

c) Gluconeogenesis

Explanation: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that generates glucose from substrates like amino acids, glycerol, and lactate.

Question 3

What is the function of ghrelin?

a) Suppresses neuropeptide Y
b) Stimulates fat breakdown
c) Triggers insulin secretion
d) Stimulates appetite when the stomach is empty

Answer 3

d) Stimulates appetite when the stomach is empty

Explanation: Ghrelin is secreted by the empty stomach and activates the hypothalamic feeding center to increase hunger.

Question 4

What is the role of cortisol during prolonged fasting or chronic stress?

a) Stimulates proteolysis and gluconeogenesis
b) Inhibits proteolysis
c) Promotes glycogenesis
d) Stimulates insulin release

Answer 4

a) Stimulates proteolysis and gluconeogenesis

Explanation: Cortisol increases muscle protein breakdown to supply amino acids for gluconeogenesis and also promotes fat breakdown.

Question 5

Which hormone is most active during the early stages of fasting to maintain blood glucose?

a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Epinephrine
d) Cortisol

Answer 5

b) Glucagon

Explanation: Glucagon acts on the liver to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, especially during short-term fasting.

Question 6

What is ketogenesis and when does it occur?

a) Glucose synthesis in the kidneys; after meals
b) Production of ketone bodies in the liver; during prolonged fasting
c) Protein synthesis in muscle; during feeding
d) Lipid synthesis in the liver; during stress

Answer 6

b) Production of ketone bodies in the liver; during prolonged fasting

Explanation: Ketogenesis occurs when fatty acids are broken down in the liver and excess acetyl-CoA is converted into ketones for use by brain and muscle.

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and suppresses appetite?

a) Leptin
b) Ghrelin
c) GLP-1
d) Insulin

Answer 7

a) Leptin

Explanation: Leptin is released in proportion to fat stores and acts on the hypothalamus to reduce food intake by inhibiting neuropeptide Y.

Question 8

What is the main function of metabolism during the fed state?

a) Breakdown of stored fuels
b) Increase in blood glucose levels
c) Use and storage of incoming nutrients
d) Production of ketone bodies

Answer 8

c) Use and storage of incoming nutrients

Explanation: The fed state focuses on utilizing nutrients from food and storing the excess as glycogen, fats, and proteins. It is anabolic and insulin-driven.

Question 9

Which gut hormone inhibits neuropeptide Y to reduce appetite?

a) Ghrelin
b) Peptide YY
c) CCK
d) Leptin

Answer 9

b) Peptide YY

Explanation: Peptide YY is released from the small and large intestine in response to food and inhibits neuropeptide Y, reducing appetite.