Unit 7 Metabolic Primer

Question 1

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
a) Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks them down
b) Both refer to digestion
c) Anabolism is anaerobic; catabolism is aerobic
d) Catabolism only occurs in the liver

Answer 1

a) Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks them down

Explanation: Anabolism refers to the synthesis of complex molecules, while catabolism refers to their breakdown for energy.

Question 2

What defines the fed (absorptive) state?
a) Energy stores are mobilized
b) Nutrients from digestion are being absorbed
c) Glycogenolysis predominates
d) Ketogenesis occurs

Answer 2

b) Nutrients from digestion are being absorbed

Explanation: The fed state is anabolic; it promotes storage of glucose, amino acids, and fats into glycogen, proteins, and triglycerides.

Question 3

Which metabolic processes dominate in the fasted state?
a) Glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis
b) Protein synthesis and glycolysis
c) Glycogenolysis and lipogenesis
d) Digestion and absorption

Answer 3

a) Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Explanation: During fasting, the body breaks down stored glycogen and synthesizes glucose from non-carb sources to maintain blood glucose.

Question 4

Which tissue stores glycogen for export to other tissues?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Adipose tissue
c) Kidney
d) Liver

Answer 4

d) Liver

Explanation: Only the liver expresses glucose-6-phosphatase, allowing it to release free glucose into the bloodstream during fasting.

Question 5

What is the function of ketone bodies during fasting?
a) Stimulate insulin release
b) Act as glucose transporters
c) Provide alternate energy for the brain
d) Increase protein synthesis

Answer 5

c) Provide alternate energy for the brain

Explanation: When glucose is low, ketones (produced in the liver from fats) fuel the brain and reduce muscle breakdown.