Unit 7 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
a) Obesity
b) Insulin resistance
c) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
d) High-fat diet

Answer 1

c) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Explanation: In Type 1 DM, the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, eliminating insulin production.

Question 2

What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance and abnormal response to glucose
b) Insulin deficiency only
c) Low blood glucose
d) Complete absence of insulin

Answer 2

a) Insulin resistance and abnormal response to glucose

Explanation: Type 2 DM is defined by tissues not responding properly to insulin, often with delayed or altered insulin secretion.

Question 3

Which symptom is common to both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Excessive insulin release
d) Rapid weight gain

Answer 3

b) Hyperglycemia

Explanation: Both forms of diabetes lead to elevated blood glucose, though through different mechanisms.

Question 4

What is a potential acute complication of Type 1 Diabetes?
a) Atherosclerosis
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Leptin resistance
d) Ketoacidosis

Answer 4

d) Ketoacidosis

Explanation: Without insulin, lipolysis accelerates, producing ketone bodies which are acidic and can lead to life-threatening acidosis.

Question 5

What is metabolic syndrome?
a) Condition where glucose is rapidly cleared
b) Cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension
c) Result of excessive exercise
d) Found only in Type 1 diabetics

Answer 5

b) Cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension

Explanation: Metabolic syndrome includes central obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, high BP, and high fasting glucose.