Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality Flashcards
Instinct Theory
+ complex behavior
+ Unlearned
+ Throughout a species
Drive Reduction
As physiological needs increase our psychological drive to reduce those needs increases.
Arousal Theory
When goal isnt homeostasis
+ after meeting basic needs humans need stimulation
+ boredom
+ moderate anxiety = motivation
+ Too much = Seek Arousal reduction
Yerkes - Dodson Law
Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, then performance decreases
Hierachy of Needs
- Self actualization - need for meaning beyond oneself
- Esteem
- Love and belonging
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
Hormones testosterone
+ therapy can increase sexual desire in M and F
+ Sexual desire increase testostorone
Alfred Kinsey
+ institute for sex research
+ Kinsey scale
- Heterosexual - homosexual rating scale
Incentives
a thing that motivates someone (learned / enviroment stimulus)
Ancel Keys
Minnesota starvation experiment
+ food obsessed
+ lost interest in other activities
Margaret Floy Washburn
Washburn experiment aka balloon experiment
+ hunger = stomach contractions
As glucose levels drop….
brain signals hunger
Hypothalamus
stimulation = releases hunger hormones - rat experiment
+ Destroy it = no interest in food
+ watches for ghrelin (secreted by empty stomach)
+ signals hypothalamus - food is needed
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
Body’s resting of energy output
Bio Taste preference
High calories, high carb meals boost serotonin
Affiliation need - evo perspective
need to build relationships and be part of a group
+ Social bonds/cooperation boost survival odds “us” vs “them”
self efficacy
the belief that we can achieve influence over the conditions that affect our lives.
Achivement motivation
+ desire for accomplishments a higher standard of skills and ideas
James Lange
Arousal then emotion
Cannon-bard
arousal and emotion simultaneously
Schachter singer
Arousal+label = emotion
+ emotion requires conscious interpretation
+ high road
Objective vs Subjective experience
objective - the actual experience
Subjective - how we interpret the events
Spillover effect
An arousal response to one event spills over into our response of the next event.
Robert Zajonc
emotions can exist without conscious interpretation
Joseph LeDoux
emotions can take a low road
+ fear provoking stimulus bypasses cortex and goes straight to amygdala
Richard lazurus
In some level, we must appraise an event in order to have emotions
+ appraisal is more important to what is stressful than the actual stressful event
+ high and low road
Facial Feedback effect
+ smiling has a positive effect on mood
+ frowning has a negative effect on mood
Two way:
- emotion impact facial expressions
- Facial expressions impact emotions