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AP Psychology > Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality > Flashcards

Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Instinct Theory

A

+ complex behavior
+ Unlearned
+ Throughout a species

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2
Q

Drive Reduction

A

As physiological needs increase our psychological drive to reduce those needs increases.

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3
Q

Arousal Theory

A

When goal isnt homeostasis
+ after meeting basic needs humans need stimulation
+ boredom
+ moderate anxiety = motivation
+ Too much = Seek Arousal reduction

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4
Q

Yerkes - Dodson Law

A

Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, then performance decreases

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5
Q

Hierachy of Needs

A
  1. Self actualization - need for meaning beyond oneself
  2. Esteem
  3. Love and belonging
  4. Safety needs
  5. Physiological needs
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6
Q

Hormones testosterone

A

+ therapy can increase sexual desire in M and F
+ Sexual desire increase testostorone

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7
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

+ institute for sex research
+ Kinsey scale
- Heterosexual - homosexual rating scale

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8
Q

Incentives

A

a thing that motivates someone (learned / enviroment stimulus)

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9
Q

Ancel Keys

A

Minnesota starvation experiment
+ food obsessed
+ lost interest in other activities

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10
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

Washburn experiment aka balloon experiment
+ hunger = stomach contractions

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11
Q

As glucose levels drop….

A

brain signals hunger

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

stimulation = releases hunger hormones - rat experiment
+ Destroy it = no interest in food
+ watches for ghrelin (secreted by empty stomach)
+ signals hypothalamus - food is needed

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13
Q

BASAL METABOLIC RATE

A

Body’s resting of energy output

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14
Q

Bio Taste preference

A

High calories, high carb meals boost serotonin

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15
Q

Affiliation need - evo perspective

A

need to build relationships and be part of a group
+ Social bonds/cooperation boost survival odds “us” vs “them”

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16
Q

self efficacy

A

the belief that we can achieve influence over the conditions that affect our lives.

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17
Q

Achivement motivation

A

+ desire for accomplishments a higher standard of skills and ideas

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18
Q

James Lange

A

Arousal then emotion

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19
Q

Cannon-bard

A

arousal and emotion simultaneously

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20
Q

Schachter singer

A

Arousal+label = emotion

+ emotion requires conscious interpretation
+ high road

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21
Q

Objective vs Subjective experience

A

objective - the actual experience
Subjective - how we interpret the events

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22
Q

Spillover effect

A

An arousal response to one event spills over into our response of the next event.

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23
Q

Robert Zajonc

A

emotions can exist without conscious interpretation

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24
Q

Joseph LeDoux

A

emotions can take a low road
+ fear provoking stimulus bypasses cortex and goes straight to amygdala

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25
Richard lazurus
In some level, we must appraise an event in order to have emotions + appraisal is more important to what is stressful than the actual stressful event + high and low road
26
Facial Feedback effect
+ smiling has a positive effect on mood + frowning has a negative effect on mood Two way: - emotion impact facial expressions - Facial expressions impact emotions
27
Stress
short lived = good (assist survival) long term = bad ( compromises immune system, risky decisions, unhealthy behaviors, dangerous pregnancy and health problems)
28
Accumulative stress...
declines over time
29
Adrenal glands secret....
cortisol
30
Hans Seyle
(GAS) general adaptation syndrome + alert + resistance + exhaustion - body made to deal with temp stress not prolongued
31
How does stress affect me?
+ Telomeres, shorten over time leading to higher risk of death, and cancer + wounds heal slow + more vunerable to illness
32
Seligman
Explanatory style - how people explain events in their lives
33
Do - good phenomenon
people are more helpful when they're in a good mood + do good, feel good
34
Coping mechanisms
35
Diminishing returns
as you increase the quantity of something the benefits decrease
36
relative deprivation
the sense that you are worse off than those around you
37
personality
pattern of thinking feeling and acting
38
Freudian perspective personality test
goal to uncover what is going on in your unconscious mind
39
projective test
any personality test to uncover your unconscious (ex: Rosard ink blot) are they scientific? -- NOT objective
40
psychodynamic
human behavior is a dynamic interaction btwn the conscious and unconscious mind
41
psychoanalysis
freud, thoughts and actions attributed to unconscious motives and conflicts
42
Freud
- believed childhood exp determine adult personality - " " ian slips ex: calling your spouse your ex's name or calling your teacher mom or dad -" " and reality-- he thought these slips had a lot to do w/unconscious mind BUT in reality they dont mean much bc humans make speech mistakes
43
Freud: Id - Ego - Super ego
Id - satisfy sexual and agressive desires Ego - "executive", meditates between Id, superego and reality Superego - internalized ideals , conscience
44
Alfred Adler
+ believed people were driven by a need for superiority, birth order + inferior complex
45
Carl Jung
+ collective shared unconscious
46
Actualization
self focused
47
transcendence
other - focused instead of self focused and concerns higher goals than those which are self serving
48
Carl Rogers
+ self concept - distorded by outside influence - healthy personality is when self concept is consistent with your ideal self concept + unconditional positive regard
49
criticism humanistic theory
fails to account human evil
50
Gordon Allport?
trait - consistent, enduring a way of feeling, behaving and thinking + describe personality in terms of fundamental traits
51
Sybil and Eyeseck
reduced personality to... + these factors are genetically influenced
52
Social cognitive perspective - alfred bandura
+ behavior influenced by interactions btw people traits and social content + personality is in part required through observational learning
53
reciprocal determinism
interacting influences of behavior, cognition and enviroment
54
person-situation
ppl make responses they believe will lead to reinforcement + belief: hardwork = reward then you will work hard viceversa if no reward no work
55
conclusion on behavior
dependent on situation
56
Criticism of social cognitive theories
too focused on situations, ignores traits and emotions
57
spotlight effect
overestimating others noticing and evaluating on you
58
Blind incompentence
ignorance sustain self confidence + dunning krugger effect
59
Self serving bias
+ readiness to percieve oneself favorably + most people see themselves as better than average + blame others - negative outcome / positive outcome - praise oneself
60
jean twenge
generation and me people bor in 80's/90's higher narcism lvls
61
Individualism vs Collectivist
Ind - priority to ones own goals over group goals - identity in terms of personal attributes Coll - priority of the goals of one's group -identity of others
62
Assessing traits tests
MMPI - widely for emotional disorders
63
The Big 5 personalities
Conscientiousness - disorganized or disorganized Agreeable - uncooperative or helpful Neuroticism - calm or anxious Openness - conforming or independent Extroversion - reserved or affectionate
64
Maturity principle
become more conscientiousness and less neurotic up to age 40
65
Traits are stable BUT......
behavior varies

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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