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AP Psychology > Unit 6: Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 6: Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Random assigment

A

gender/age cannot be randomly assigned

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2
Q

Embryo

A

week 2-9 develoment organ

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3
Q

fetus

A

9 weeks

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4
Q

Teratogen

A

virus, drugs, etc. that can damage a fetus or embryo

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5
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

physical and mental abnormalities

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6
Q

Physical development

A

+ Born with most brain cells but immature nervous system
+ after birth: walk, talk, memory
+ age 3 to 6 frontal loves (rationality) still developing
+ Last: association areas
+ biological development : stages

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7
Q

fine motor skills

A

the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists

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8
Q

gross motor skills

A

involves the large muscles in the arms, legs and torso

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9
Q

Piaget stages

A

+ Sensorimotor stage (0–2 years old)
- object permanence
- baby math

+ Preoperational stage (2–7 years old)
- can use language but not mental operations
- can’t imagine on action and mentally revise it
- pretend play
-egocentrism - difficulty taking another’s pov
- reflexive - how your actions influence others

+ Concrete operational stage (7–11 years old)
- ability to understand conversation and mathematical transformations
+ gain abilities of conservation
+ Formal operational stage (11 years old through adulthood)
- abstract thinking - hypothertical situations determine consequences
- later adolescence - full blown logic

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10
Q

Schema

A

framework for interpreting organizing info

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11
Q

assimilate

A

interpret new experiences according to schema

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12
Q

accomodate

A

adapt schema to new information

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13
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

believed that human mental and cognitive abilities are not biologically determined, but instead created and shaped by use of language and tools in the process of interacting and constructing the cultural and social environment.

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14
Q

Piaget vs Vygostky

A

Piaget
+ Mind grows - physical environment and maturation
think… young scientist

Vygotsky
+ Mind Grows - Social environment
think…young apprentice

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15
Q

Zone of proximal development

A
  1. learned can go unaided
  2. learner can do with guidance
  3. learner cannot do

2 is the sweet spot between difficult and challenging

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16
Q

Scaffolding

A

support for higher lvls of thinking

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17
Q

Today development is more _______ than piaget thought

A

continous

18
Q

Autism spectrum disorde

A

+ appears in childhood
+ defiencies in:
- communication
- social interaction
- rigid, fixated interest
- repeated behaviors

19
Q

Levels of autism

A

Level 1 - high functioning
Level 2 - Needs substantial support
Level 3 -needs very substancial support

20
Q

characteristic of autistic brains

A

+ underconnectivity
+ “broken mirrors” - less imitation

21
Q

Margaret and Harry Harlow

A

Mankey experiemnt : - )

attachment = safe haven and safe base to explore from

22
Q

Imprinting

A

process by which a strong bond is formed - animals

23
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Stranger Situation experiment
+secure attachment - explore new situations
+ ** insecure avoidant** - Instead of craving intimacy, they’re so wary of closeness they try to avoid emotional connection with others
+ insecure ambivalent/resistant - becoming distressed, angry, and throwing a temper tantrum when separated from their caregiver

24
Q

Temperament

A

emotional reactivity and intensity - geneticlaly influenced

25
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Securely attachment children have basic trust

life stages
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair.

26
Q

Deprivation of attachment

A

+ lower intelligence
+ limited brain development
+ abnormal stress response
+ ADHD

27
Q

Diana Baumrind

A

+ authoritarian (too strict)
+ authoritative (just right)
+ negligent (too uncaring)
+ permissive (too soft)

28
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

+ oral stage
+ anal stage
+ phallic stage

Oedipus - son fights father, gives up and finds woman like mother
Electra - vice versa

29
Q

Freud - latency stage vs genetil

A

L
+ libido is hidden
+ cooties stage
+ he believed in this stage could lead to sexual issues
G
+ libido focused on their genitals
+ freud thought fixation in this stage is normal

30
Q

Lawrence kohlberd

A

PC-Stage 1: Obedience and punishment. …
PC-Stage 2: Self-interest. …
C- Stage 3: Interpersonal accord and conformity. …
C- Stage 4: Authority and maintaining social order
POC-Stage 5: Social contract. …
POC-Stage 6: Universal ethical principles

PC - pre conventional
C - conventional
POC - post conventional

+ stages are sequential
+ may be stuck in one
+ revert back

31
Q

Moral judgements are very….

A

situational

32
Q

Gender vs sex

A

G
socially influenced characteristics to define terms

S
biologically influenced characteristic that makes someone M or F

33
Q

gender typing

A

acquisition of male or female gender roles - process of becoming self aware of gender

+ stereotyping - people interact differently with infants depending upon clothes

34
Q

Social learning theory

A

rewards and punishment
+ ex. how does boy who wears dress treated

35
Q

chromosomes women vs men

A

women XX
men XY

36
Q

Menarche

A

first menstrual period
+ early maturation at risk for anxiety and depression

37
Q

what causes aging?

A

+ worn telomeres
+ cells stop producing
+exercise slows down the aging process

38
Q

Aging brain

A

+ Frontal lobe atrophy - old people have no filter
+ Brain cell loss begins in early adulthood
+ By 80 brain has lost 5% of its weight

39
Q

reminiscence bump

A

increased proportion of autobiographies memories from youth and early childhood in the memories of adults over 40

40
Q

Alzheimers

A

+ neural plaques
+ progressive decline in memory and cognitive function
+ acetylcholine

41
Q

Social clock

A

preferred time for marriage, children, retirement

42
Q

Aging amygdala

A

Less responsive to negative emotion
+ less extreme moods as we age

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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