Unit 6: Developmental Psychology Flashcards
Random assigment
gender/age cannot be randomly assigned
Embryo
week 2-9 develoment organ
fetus
9 weeks
Teratogen
virus, drugs, etc. that can damage a fetus or embryo
Fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and mental abnormalities
Physical development
+ Born with most brain cells but immature nervous system
+ after birth: walk, talk, memory
+ age 3 to 6 frontal loves (rationality) still developing
+ Last: association areas
+ biological development : stages
fine motor skills
the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists
gross motor skills
involves the large muscles in the arms, legs and torso
Piaget stages
+ Sensorimotor stage (0–2 years old)
- object permanence
- baby math
+ Preoperational stage (2–7 years old)
- can use language but not mental operations
- can’t imagine on action and mentally revise it
- pretend play
-egocentrism - difficulty taking another’s pov
- reflexive - how your actions influence others
+ Concrete operational stage (7–11 years old)
- ability to understand conversation and mathematical transformations
+ gain abilities of conservation
+ Formal operational stage (11 years old through adulthood)
- abstract thinking - hypothertical situations determine consequences
- later adolescence - full blown logic
Schema
framework for interpreting organizing info
assimilate
interpret new experiences according to schema
accomodate
adapt schema to new information
Lev Vygotsky
believed that human mental and cognitive abilities are not biologically determined, but instead created and shaped by use of language and tools in the process of interacting and constructing the cultural and social environment.
Piaget vs Vygostky
Piaget
+ Mind grows - physical environment and maturation
think… young scientist
Vygotsky
+ Mind Grows - Social environment
think…young apprentice
Zone of proximal development
- learned can go unaided
- learner can do with guidance
- learner cannot do
2 is the sweet spot between difficult and challenging
Scaffolding
support for higher lvls of thinking
Today development is more _______ than piaget thought
continous
Autism spectrum disorde
+ appears in childhood
+ defiencies in:
- communication
- social interaction
- rigid, fixated interest
- repeated behaviors
Levels of autism
Level 1 - high functioning
Level 2 - Needs substantial support
Level 3 -needs very substancial support
characteristic of autistic brains
+ underconnectivity
+ “broken mirrors” - less imitation
Margaret and Harry Harlow
Mankey experiemnt : - )
attachment = safe haven and safe base to explore from
Imprinting
process by which a strong bond is formed - animals
Mary Ainsworth
Stranger Situation experiment
+secure attachment - explore new situations
+ ** insecure avoidant** - Instead of craving intimacy, they’re so wary of closeness they try to avoid emotional connection with others
+ insecure ambivalent/resistant - becoming distressed, angry, and throwing a temper tantrum when separated from their caregiver
Temperament
emotional reactivity and intensity - geneticlaly influenced
