Unit 7 Lesson 4 Terrorism and War Overseas

Question 1

What is Jihadism?

Answer 1

Jihadism is an Islamic fundamentalist movement that supports violence in the struggle against those seen as enemies of the religion of Islam.

Question 2

Most Islamic fundamentalists believe what? What are most Jihsdists? What do Islamists belive?

Answer 2

Most Islamic fundamentalists—Muslims who believe that Islamic religious texts should be taken literally—are not jihadists. Jihadists, however, are generally Islamic fundamentalists. They are also Islamists, or Muslims who believe that society should be governed by religious, Islamic law.

Question 3

Why did Al Qaeda attack US embassies Kenya and Tanzania? How did President Clinton react?

Answer 3

Al Qaeda opposed American influence in the Muslim world and launched a number of attacks against American targets beginning in the 1990s, including U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Hundreds of people died in these attacks, which led President Bill Clinton to order the bombing of bin Laden’s headquarters in Afghanistan.

Question 4

Did the bombings stop the AL Qaeda if not what was there following attack?

Answer 4

The bombings were unsuccessful in stopping the terrorist network and in 2000, Al Qaeda attacked the USS Cole, an American Navy destroyer that was anchored at a port in Yemen on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

Question 5

Where was the frist and second terriost attack on Sectemeber 11?

Answer 5

At 8:46 A.M., the hijackers crashed the first plane into one of the World Trade Center’s twin towers, New York City’s tallest buildings, a location later known as “ground zero.” Another plane hit the second tower about 15 minutes later.

Question 6

Where was the third and fourth terriost attack on Sectemeber 11?

Answer 6

Within the hour, a third plane crashed into the Pentagon, the American military headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Brave passengers on a fourth plane bound for Washington, D.C., stormed the cockpit, leading the hijackers to crash the plane into a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

Question 7

Losses of the September 11 attacks? How did PResident Bush react?

Answer 7

The September 11 attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and stunned Americans. President George W. Bush quickly blamed Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda.

Question 8

In response to the attack on US soil the bush administarion called a war on global terrorism. How was this war different from the others?

Answer 8

In response, the Bush administration launched what it called a global war on terrorism, far different from other wars America had fought. The enemy, less clearly defined, included terrorist groups that threatened the United States and its allies.

Question 9

How did the war on global terrisom affect Iraq and Afghanistan?

Answer 9

This effort to wipe out terrorism led the United States into wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Question 10

The war on global terrisom led to the creation of the…

Answer 10

It also led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, which was given the job of safeguarding security within the United States.

Question 11

The war on global terrisom led congress to pass what act?

Answer 11

Meanwhile, Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act, which allows officials to conduct surveillance on suspected terrorists at home and abroad.

Question 12

Shortly after the September 11 attacks, President Bush asked Afghanistan to surrender Osama bin Laden. The Taliban, the Islamic fundamentalist group that controlled Afghanistan, refused. This led to what?

Answer 12

In October 2001, with authorization from Congress, American forces invaded Afghanistan. The war began with American-led bombing missions.

Question 13

What was the Northen Allicane, what was there role in the Afghanistan war?

Answer 13

By the end of 2001, the Northern Alliance, made up of Afghans who opposed the Taliban, had captured the capital city of Kabul. They established a new government that was friendly to the United States.

Question 14

The United States provided money to support the new Afghan government, and American forces stayed in the country. Was the new government susceful?

Answer 14

In spite of this, the new government never gained full control of Afghanistan. During the war, bin Laden escaped to Pakistan. By 2007, the Taliban had regained some of its power in Afghanistan.

Question 15

How did the support for the war in Afghanistan flunctuate?

Answer 15

When the United States entered Afghanistan in 2001, almost 90 percent of Americans supported the war. As the war dragged on, however, American support declined. When asked in 2012, 50 percent of Americans wanted the government to speed the removal of troops from Afghanistan. In 2014, a partial withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan began.

Question 16

In 2002 and 2003, tensions mounted between the United States and Iraq.

Answer 16

Ever since the Gulf War of 1991, the United States and its allies had maintained a no-flight zone over parts of Iraq. They had also pushed for continued inspections of Iraqi military facilities to watch for the development of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, also known as weapons of mass destruction, or WMDs.

Question 17

What are Weapons of mass destruction or WMDs?

Answer 17

chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, also known as weapons of mass destruction, or WMDs.

Question 18

Based on this evidence, the Bush administration wanted UN approval to go to war but said it would act with or without that approval. Congress approved a resolution that gave the President the power to use force, if necessary. What eveidence?

Answer 18

Iraq had repeatedly blocked inspections and refused to destroy weapons that violated rules set by the United Nations. In early 2003, the United States and Britain claimed to have evidence that Iraq in fact possessed WMDs.

Question 19

Did Iraq even have WMDs?

Answer 19

In March 2003, although Iraq had allowed UN officials to conduct inspections and had begun destroying weapons, U.S. officials said that Iraq had not done enough to address concerns. U.S. and British forces began bombing targets inside Iraq and then sent troops into the country. After a month, U.S. forces occupied the capital city of Baghdad. In May, Bush declared the war concluded. No working WMDs were ever found.

Question 20

After a month, U.S. forces occupied the capital city of Baghdad. In May, Bush declared the war concluded. What did Bush do in Iraq next?

Answer 20

In the meantime, the United States had transferred control to a temporary Iraqi government in 2004. The next year, Iraqis elected a national assembly that had the difficult job of organizing a government despite ongoing violent conflicts among the country’s Sunni Muslim Arabs, Shia Muslim Arabs, and ethnic Kurds.

Question 21

Affect of the war in Iraq? Life wise and cost wise

Answer 21

Almost 5,000 Americans and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis died. After eight years, the war cost more than a trillion dollars.

Question 22

What was it like in Iraq now that Saddan Hussein was removed from power?

Answer 22

Saddam Hussein was removed from power, but that did not bring peace to Iraq. Iraqis looted businesses and homes. Shiite and Sunni Arabs fought each other, and Arabs fought ethnic Kurds in the north.

Question 23

Describe the insurgency that arose in Iraq?

Answer 23

An insurgency, or armed rebellion, arose against American soldiers and the Iraqi government. The new Iraqi government was too weak to manage the country.

Question 24

How did Americans feel about the war?

Answer 24

As the war continued, support for it decreased. By early 2007, polls showed that most Americans thought the war in Iraq was a mistake and was unwinnable. In spite of this, the Bush administration increased the number of American forces with a troop surge. The surge reduced ethnic and religious violence in the country for a time but did not end it.

Question 25

In 2011, nearly 10 years after the September 11 attacks, American forces captured and killed Osama bin Laden at his compound in Pakistan. Did this cause any major changes?

Answer 25

Bin Laden’s death, however, did not signal the end of jihadism, Al Qaeda, or the threat of terrorism. Indeed, organizations linked to Al Qaeda seemed to be expanding after 2010. Meanwhile, the United States faced questions about how it had conducted the war on terrorism.

Answer 25

Mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq received worldwide attention. The United States also faced criticism over the indefinite detention of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. Guantanamo Bay prison opened in 2002 to house detainees captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, Asia, and Africa through the war on terrorism. After 2002, the United States housed more than 700 detainees there. Many of the prisoners at Guantanamo have not been tried in court or proven to have acted illegally, though most are suspected of terrorism.

Answer 26

By 2012, jihadist movements had taken root in Yemen, Pakistan, and Somalia, and the United States began attacking jihadists in these countries. Many of these jihadists were linked to Al Qaeda. Despite U.S. attacks, mainly by pilotless drone aircraft, jihadists seemed to remain strong in parts of these countries.

Answer 27

Meanwhile, jihadists groups had a growing presence in other parts of the Muslim world. In Syria, where a civil war was being fought, jihadist fighters linked to Al Qaeda gained territory. They also fought the government of Iraq after the U.S. withdrawal. Jihadist groups also launched violent attacks in Algeria, Mali, and Nigeria. U.S. policymakers were concerned about the spread of jihadists hostile to the United States and its allies but struggled to find an effective way to counter them.