Unit 7 - Human Nutrition

Question 1

What are the seven groups of a balanced diet ?

Answer 1

1. carbohydrates
2. fats
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. dietary fibers
7. water

Question 2

What are carbohydrates needed for?

Answer 2

primary nutrient for producing energy using respiration

Question 3

examples of carbohydrates (both simple sugars and starch)

Answer 3

starch : bread pasta potato
simple sugars: cakes , sweets

Question 4

What are fats/lipids needed for?

Answer 4

• making cell membrane
• storage of energy
• produce fat tissue to stay warm

Question 5

examples of fats

Answer 5

butter, oil, cheese

Question 6

What is protein needed for ?

Answer 6

growth and repair. (getting bigger by growing new cells and replacing worn cells)

Question 7

examples of proteins

Answer 7

meat fish egg beans

Question 8

What is Vitamin c needed for?

Answer 8

used in creating connective tissue, blood vessels, bones and cartilage.
required for wound healing

Question 9

What is vitamin d needed for?

Answer 9

helps to basorb calcium from your diet. needed to maintain strong healthy bones

Question 10

sources of vitamin d

Answer 10

fatty fish, egg yolks, mushrooms, sunlight

Question 11

What is the fuction of calcium

Answer 11

needed for maintaining healthy bones, for muscle contractions and blood clotting

Question 12

food examples of calcium

Answer 12

milk, cheese , fish with bones

Question 13

function of iron

Answer 13

required for making haemoglobin in red blood cells used to bind oxygen.

Question 14

food examples of iron

Answer 14

red meat, leafy greens, whole grains

Question 15

function of dietary fibers

Answer 15

ensures food moves through your intestines at the right rate

Question 16

sources of dietary fibers

Answer 16

fruits and vegetables

Question 17

function of water

Answer 17

acts as a solvent for cellular reactions, circulatory systems and digestion
helps maintain body temperature

Question 18

How does the mouth and salivary glands help digest food

Answer 18

• teeth grind food into small pieces
• salivary glands release saliva. the saliva contains amylase enzymes which breaks fown starch into maltose. another enzyme maltase breaks down moltose into glucose

Question 19

function of the oesophagus in digestion

Answer 19

• back of the mouth food is made into a ball called a bolus
• the bolus is pushed down the oesophagus by rings of muscle.

Question 20

What is the contraction of digestive muscles called

Answer 20

peristalsis

Question 21

function of the stomach in digestion

Answer 21

muscles churn food
enzymes( eg pepsin ) are added, hydrochloric acid is added

Question 22

function of the small intestine

Answer 22

absorbs nutrients, it is made from microscopic villi that help increase the surface area , so more nutrients can be absorbed more quickly.

Question 23

purpose of cappilaries in villi, what do they transport

Answer 23

reduce diffusion distance (faster diffusion)
transport water, amino acids etc.

Question 24

what does the lacteal do in villi

Answer 24

absorbs fats

Question 25

what role does blood have in the small intestine / villi

Answer 25

blood flowing maintains concentration gradient and larger concentration gradient means faster diffusion

Question 26

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 26

duodenum ileum and jejunum

Question 27

where is the duodenum and what is its function?

Answer 27

food out of the stomach enters the duodenum where bile and digestive enzymes are added to further digest food

Question 28

Where is the ileum and what is its function

Answer 28

after the jejunum food wil pass into the ileum where the majority of nutrients are absorbed

Question 29

function of the large intestine

Answer 29

mainly indigestible food and water enter , job is to basorb water back into the body

Question 30

function of the rectum and anus

Answer 30

anus is the opening at the end of the digestive system. faeces is stored in the rectum ready to be released

Question 31

function of the liver and gall bladder

Answer 31

liver produces bile which helps to digest lipids/fats. gall bladder stores bile until it is released into the small intestine

Question 32

function of the pancreas

Answer 32

produces enzymes involved in digestion

Question 33

where does physical / mechanical digestion take place

Answer 33

mouth and stomach

Question 34

physical / mechanical digestion definition

Answer 34

breaking down large bits of food into smaller bits without any chemical change to the molecules in order to maxamise surface area

Question 35

chemical digestion definition

Answer 35

breaking down large molecules into smaller soluble ones using enzymes

Question 36

what does ingestion mean

Answer 36

eating food

Question 37

what does digestion mean

Answer 37

breakdown of food

Question 38

what does absorbtion mean in digestion

Answer 38

movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

Question 39

what does assimilation mean

Answer 39

movement of nutrients from the blood into the body cells

Question 40

what does egestion mean

Answer 40

passing of faeces/ undigested food

Question 41

what are the 4 types of teeth

Answer 41

1. canines 2. molars 3. incisors 4. premolars

Question 42

function of canines

Answer 42

cut and tear up food

Question 43

function fo molars

Answer 43

teeth that do the most chewing worl while eating

Question 44

function of incisors

Answer 44

work to bring food into the mouth and cut it

Question 45

function of premolars

Answer 45

help incisors and canines frind and mix food while chewing

Question 46

Function of bile in digestion

Answer 46

helps to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for faster chemical digestion by enzymes

Question 47

what are the 3 main types of enzymes

Answer 47

carbohydrases lipases porteases

Question 48

function of carbohydrases (amylase)

Answer 48

digest starch into maltose. maltose is digested to glucose by maltase

Question 49

function of lipases

Answer 49

digest lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 50

function of pepsin

Answer 50

digest proteins into amino acids

Question 51

function of trypsin

Answer 51

digests proteins to amino acids

Question 52

where is amylase produced

Answer 52

- salivary glands - pancrease and secreted into the duodenum

Question 53

where are lipases produced

Answer 53

in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum

Question 54

where is pepsin found

Answer 54

found in the stomach optimised for acidic conditions as the stomach contains hydrochloric acid

Question 55

where is trypsin produced

Answer 55

in the pancreas ad secreted into the duodenum optimised fro alkaline (bile neuturlaises the hydrochloric acid)