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Biology > Unit 4 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are Carbohydrates needed for?

provides body with

A

Provide the body with glucose which is converted into energy to support bodily functions

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2
Q

What elements are in carbohydrates ?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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3
Q

What is the subunit of Carbohydrates

A

Sugar

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4
Q

Example of carbohydrates as foods (simple and complex)

A

Simple : candy, Fruits
Complex: pasta, rice

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5
Q

What is the food test for Starch and glucose ? What is a positive result?

A

Starch : Iodine test
Turns from Orange/ brown to Blue/ Black
Glucose : Benedicts test
Turns from blue to red

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6
Q

What are proteins needed for?

A

Growth and repair

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7
Q

Elements in protein

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

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8
Q

What is the subunit of protein

A

amino acids

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9
Q

Food example of protein

A

Fish , egg, meat

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10
Q

What is the food test for proteins? What is a positive result?

A

biuret solution
From blue to purple

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11
Q

What are lipids neeeded for?

A

Insulation and energy

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12
Q

What elements are in lipids?

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

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13
Q

What is the subunits of Lipids?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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14
Q

food example of lipids

A

Butter, cheese, meat

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15
Q

What is the food test for lipids? what is a positive result?

A

Ethanol emulsion
Turns from clear to cloudy

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16
Q

Steps : testing for starch

A
  1. Put food sample on a spotting tile.
  2. Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution.
  3. Positive result for starch is if iodine turns from yellow to blue- black.
17
Q

Steps : testing for glucose

A
  1. Place food sample into a boiling tube
  2. Add an equal amount of benedicts solution.
  3. Place boiling tube in a hot water bath
  4. Positive test for glucose is if the solution turns from blue to red.
18
Q

Steps : testing for protein

A
  1. Place food to be tested in a test tube.
  2. Add 5-6 drops of biuret solution.
  3. A positive result will turn from blue to purple.
19
Q

Steps : testing for vitamin C

A
  1. Pipette 2cm^3 of DCPIP into a conical flask
  2. Add the vitamin C solution to burette.
  3. Add the solution drop by drop, shaking the conical flask each time.
  4. Measure the volume needed for the indicator to change from blue to colorless.
20
Q

What is vitamin C needed for?

A

Tissue repair and disease resistance

21
Q

Food examples of Vitamin C

A

Oranges, Lemons, Limes

22
Q

State and describe the condition associated with a vitamin C deficiency:

A

Scurvy – the body tissue starts to break down. Usually starts in the gums, they start to bleed, and teeth fall out.

23
Q

What is the name given to the shape of DNA:

A

Double Helix

24
Q

What are the bases in DNA, and which one’s bond together?

A

A-T and C-G

25
Q

What is the role of water as a solvent in digestion?

A

Dissolves Enzymes and nutrients in the alimentary canal so digestion and absorption can occur

26
Q

What is the role of water as a solvent in excretion?

A

Urea, a harmful waste product, is dissolves in water (to make urea) so it can be easily removed from the body

27
Q

What is the role of water as a solvent in transport?

A

Blood plasma contains a lot of water. Allows substances dissolves in it such as glucose, to be easily transported around the body

28
Q

Why is amino acid sequence important in proteins?

A

determines protein shape.

29
Q

What does the shape of protein determine?

A

Protein function (what is does)

30
Q

How is shape important for enzymes ?

A

have a specific shape that fits just one type of molecule. Speed up the rate of reaction in our cells.

31
Q

How is shape important for Antibodies ?

A

have a specific shape to fit one type of bacteria or virus. Allows them to destroy these pathogens.

32
Q

How is shape important for haemoglobin?

A

has a specific shape to allow it to carry oxygen in red blood cells. These is needed by cells for respiration.

33
Q

Similarities between simple and complex carbohydrates

A
  • Both are used for energy.
  • Both have only carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms
34
Q

Differences between simple and complex carbohydrates

A
  • Simple carbs are soluble in water, but complex carbs are insoluble in water.
  • Simple carbs are small (e.g., glucose). Complex ones are large, made of many simple carbs joined together (e.g., starch)
35
Q

Carbohydrates / glucose in plants

A

Plants transport sucrose, which is then converted into glucose before respiration

36
Q

Chains of glucose - made from (3)

A
  1. cellulose - plants use to make cell walls
  2. Starch plants use to store energy
  3. glycogen - animals use to store energy in the liver
37
Q

DNA structure

4 ,bases, held together, back bone

A
  • twisted ladder (double helix)
  • back bone made of sugar and phosphate
  • bases determine the code
  • held together by hydrogen bonds

Biology (16 decks)

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