Unit 2- Intracellular processes Flashcards
cell structure, size of specimen,
Organelles
description
means ‘little organ’ they are the organ of the cell
purpose, contains
Nucleus
Description , 3 points
- control centre of the cell
- contains genetic code of the cell in the form of DNA
- nucleolus produces ribosomal DNA
purpose, how does it do it
Plasma Membrane
Description, 2 points
- keeps internal and external environments seperated
- semi-permeable and thin
purpose, in what
Chloroplasts
Description , 3 points
- site of photosynthesis
- Only in plants
- uses light to produce glucose
purpose
Mitochondria
description, 2 points
- site of cellular respiration
- converts glucose into a form of energy
in what?, purpose
Cell wall
Description, 2 points
- Plants only
- helps to maintain cell structure and provide support for the cell
plants vs animals, purpose
vacuole
Description, 4 points
- plants have a large centre vacuole
- animals have a very small or absent one
- important for storage of compounds
- maintains turgity
site of, found where
Ribosomes
Description, 2 point
- site of protein synthesis (makes protein)
- free floating in cytoplasm or associated with ER
Golgi Apperatus
Description, 1 point
- processing and packaging centre for proteins and lipids
made up of?
Cytoplasm
description , 1 point
- made up of 2 parts: organelles and cytosol (liquid inside the cell)
Plasmid
description
circular pieces of DNA carrying genes/ traits can be exchanged between bacteria
Does bacteria have a nucleus
No, instead a circular loop of DNA
found where, purpose
Ciliated Cells
Description, 2 points
- found in the lungs
- special organelle that helps to move mucus throught the airways
found where, shape, why
Root hair cells
Description, 3 points
- found on the surface of roots
- finger like projections (increase surface area)
- higher surface are = faster osmosis and diffusion of minerals
found where, contains, structure
Palisade mesophyll cells
description, 4 points
- found in top section of leaves
- contains chloroplasts
- thin cell wall to allow light through
- vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the edge for more sun exposure
shape, why
Nuerons
description, 2 points
- sending nerve signals is relatively slow
- neurons are long to make nerve signalling faster
- purpouse , shape (why), contains, made of/inside.
Red blood cells
description , 4 points
- carries oxygen in blood
- bioconcave shape (increases surface area therfore increasing rate oxygen can diffuse into them . allows them to fit into capilleries)
- conatins lots of haemogolbin a protein that binds oxygen
- no organelles
shape
Sperm cells
description, 2 points
- has a flagella to swim from vagina to fallopian tube
- head shape optimised for penetreating the egg.
small makes bigger
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Definition of 3 (not cells)
tissue: group of cells with a similar structure and function
organ: different tissues with related functions
organ system: group of organs with related functions
convert mm to um and back
1mm=1000um
mm/1000=um
umx1000=mm
IAM
equation for actual, image and magnification size
actual size= image/magnification
image=actualxmagnification
magnification=image/actual
