Unit 2- Intracellular processes Flashcards

cell structure, size of specimen,

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1
Q

Organelles

description

A

means ‘little organ’ they are the organ of the cell

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2
Q

purpose, contains

Nucleus

Description , 3 points

A
  • control centre of the cell
  • contains genetic code of the cell in the form of DNA
  • nucleolus produces ribosomal DNA
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3
Q

purpose, how does it do it

Plasma Membrane

Description, 2 points

A
  • keeps internal and external environments seperated
  • semi-permeable and thin
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4
Q

purpose, in what

Chloroplasts

Description , 3 points

A
  • site of photosynthesis
  • Only in plants
  • uses light to produce glucose
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5
Q

purpose

Mitochondria

description, 2 points

A
  • site of cellular respiration
  • converts glucose into a form of energy
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6
Q

in what?, purpose

Cell wall

Description, 2 points

A
  • Plants only
  • helps to maintain cell structure and provide support for the cell
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7
Q

plants vs animals, purpose

vacuole

Description, 4 points

A
  • plants have a large centre vacuole
  • animals have a very small or absent one
  • important for storage of compounds
  • maintains turgity
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8
Q

site of, found where

Ribosomes

Description, 2 point

A
  • site of protein synthesis (makes protein)
  • free floating in cytoplasm or associated with ER
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9
Q

Golgi Apperatus

Description, 1 point

A
  • processing and packaging centre for proteins and lipids
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10
Q

made up of?

Cytoplasm

description , 1 point

A
  • made up of 2 parts: organelles and cytosol (liquid inside the cell)
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11
Q

Plasmid

description

A

circular pieces of DNA carrying genes/ traits can be exchanged between bacteria

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12
Q

Does bacteria have a nucleus

A

No, instead a circular loop of DNA

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13
Q

found where, purpose

Ciliated Cells

Description, 2 points

A
  • found in the lungs
  • special organelle that helps to move mucus throught the airways
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14
Q

found where, shape, why

Root hair cells

Description, 3 points

A
  • found on the surface of roots
  • finger like projections (increase surface area)
  • higher surface are = faster osmosis and diffusion of minerals
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15
Q

found where, contains, structure

Palisade mesophyll cells

description, 4 points

A
  • found in top section of leaves
  • contains chloroplasts
  • thin cell wall to allow light through
  • vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the edge for more sun exposure
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16
Q

shape, why

Nuerons

description, 2 points

A
  • sending nerve signals is relatively slow
  • neurons are long to make nerve signalling faster
17
Q

- purpouse , shape (why), contains, made of/inside.

Red blood cells

description , 4 points

A
  • carries oxygen in blood
  • bioconcave shape (increases surface area therfore increasing rate oxygen can diffuse into them . allows them to fit into capilleries)
  • conatins lots of haemogolbin a protein that binds oxygen
  • no organelles
18
Q

shape

Sperm cells

description, 2 points

A
  • has a flagella to swim from vagina to fallopian tube
  • head shape optimised for penetreating the egg.
19
Q

small makes bigger

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Definition of 3 (not cells)

A

tissue: group of cells with a similar structure and function
organ: different tissues with related functions
organ system: group of organs with related functions

20
Q

convert mm to um and back

A

1mm=1000um
mm/1000=um
umx1000=mm

21
Q

IAM

equation for actual, image and magnification size

A

actual size= image/magnification
image=actualxmagnification
magnification=image/actual