Unit 7: Global Conflict After 1900 Flashcards
Why was Russia falling behind the rest of the world in terms of wealth and power?
- The government did not encourage internal growth.
- They were slow to expand education and build roads
- They resisted political reform.
- They lost many wars
Bolshevik Revolution
Led by Vladimir Lenin.
Set up a Communist government. Collective ownership. Seized power in Russia.
What challenges did the Qing Empire face, causing it to eventually be replaced by the Chinese Republic?
- Ethnic tension - Many Chinese were Han, while Qing rulers were Manchus.
- Famine - The Chinese population boomed but could not keep up with food production.
3.Low taxes - government did not have resources to maintain roads, bridges, and irrigation canals.
What was turkification? Which genocide did it lead to?
All ethnicities identify with the Turkish culture, which was heavily Islamic.
Armenian Christians did not like this. Eventually leads to the Armenian genocide.
What were the causes of the Mexican Revolution? (4)
- Diaz accommodation of foreign powers
- Strong-Armed policies
- Opposition to land reform
- Jailing of opposition candidate for President Francisco Madero
What was the immediate cause of WWI? List all parties involved
The assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. Princip was a member of the “Black Hand” a Serbian group dedicated to ending the Austro-Hungarian influence in the Balkans.
What are the four long-term causes of WWI?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Which four monarchies did WWI lead to the downfall of?
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Ottoman Empire
The Zimmerman Telegram
An intercepted document outlining Germany’s plans to help Mexico reclaim territory it had lost to the US in 1848 if Mexico allied itself with Germany in the War.
What three reasons caused the U.S. to enter WWI?
- Americans believed the Allied nations to be more democratic than the Central Powers.
- Growing resentment towards Germany
The Germans had been carrying out U-Boat (submarine) attacks against many vessels that carried civilians, including Americans. - The Zimmerman Telegram
Keynesian Economics
An economic theory that advocates government intervention to stabilize the economy. Use Deficit Spending (government spending more than it makes) to stimulate economy. Cut taxes and increase spending to to spur economy and get people back to work.
Total War
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort; most notably WWI
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I; created the League of Nations
What four things did the Treaty of Versailles make Germany do?
- Germany had to pay billions in reparations for damage caused by the war.
- Germany had to give up all of its colonies.
- Germany had to restrict the size of its armed forces.
- Germany took all blame for the war.
What effect did the Great Depression have on Germany?
Could not afford reparations, so begin printing more money = massive inflation. Also had many bank failures due to American withdrawals.
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression; an example of a government taking greater economic control
Five Year Plan
Plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union’s economy; wanted to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI; tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine
Collectivization: Definition and Effects
Farmland is taken from private owners and given to a collective (Kolkhoz) to control. Government basically controlled these.
Effects: Enraged farmers. Burned crops and killed livestock. Millions of peasants died from man-made famines. Industry did grow.
Fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition; actively promotes social hierarchies with rules by elite
Pan-Arabism
Called for unification of all lands in N. Africa and Middle East.
Mandate System
Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision.
Balfour Declaration
British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI
Gandhi
Encouraged Indians to participate in civil disobedience by breaking unjust laws and serving jail time to expose the injustice of the British imperial system.
Axis Powers
Germany, Japan, Italy
Munich Agreement
Allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland in return for promise that Germany would not take over more Czech territory
What began WWII in Europe? What began WWII in Asia?
The German invasion of Poland.
The Japanese invasion of China.
Battle of Britain
Britain was the last major European hold out.
Hitler used the Luftwaffe to initially bomb British bases
After a retaliation attack on Berlin, they moved to bombing civilian cities in Britain for months.
This allowed British bases to rebuild. Superior British planes and radars forced Germany to postpone invading Great Britain.
Siege of Leningrad
Germany ends their non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and invades the Soviet Union. However, Russian winters kept them at bay and the Soviets finally pushed Germany back in the Siege of Leningrad.
Why did the U.S. join WWII?
The attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan
D-Day
150,000 Allied forces under Dwight D. Eisenhower stormed Normandy beach in France. Many died, but they marched towards Paris.
(V-E Day
Germany surrenders to the Allied Powers making it Victory in Europe Day
Prior to that: After weeks hiding in a bunker insisting Germany would win, Hitler committed suicide.
Mussolini had been killed by members of the Italian resistance.
V-J Day
Victory in Japan Day. Came after firebombing, and the atomic bomb drops in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Famine in Ukraine
Stalin was using collectivization on farms throughout the USSR.
Peasants refused to give their crops, choosing to burn them instead.
7 -10 million peasants died as a result in Ukraine.
Crops that were grown were given to industrial workers.
Rwandan Genocide
Dutch colonizers treated the minority Tutsi better than the majority Hutu.
When Rwanda won independence in 1962, the Hutu took power and retaliated against the Tutsi.
After trying to compromise and share power, the Hutu president was shot down and killed in 1994.
This led to genocide.
What new states were created after WWI? (9)
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia
