Unit 0 Vocab Quiz

Question 1

Pastoralists

Answer 1

nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food

Question 2

Agrarian

Answer 2

relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land

Question 3

Egalitarian

Answer 3

believing in the social and economic equality of all people - existing before setting societies in hunter-gatherer groups

Question 4

Patriarchy

Answer 4

a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father’s clan or tribe.

Question 5

Neolithic Revolution

Answer 5

(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.

Question 6

Social hierarchy

Answer 6

The division of society by rank or class.

Question 7

Mesopotamia

Answer 7

(land between the rivers) The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; birthplace of the Sumerian and Babylonian Civilizations. Participated in state expansion and empire building

Question 8

Ancient Egypt

Answer 8

An ancient civilization centered around the Nile River; unified by Menes around 3000 B.C.; divided into the old, middle, and new kingdoms; main gods included Osiris, Isis, Re, and Horus; believed in Divine Kingship; participated in state expansion and empire building

Question 9

Disseminate

Answer 9

To scatter or spread widely

Question 10

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 10

Credited as the first written law code; written by a Babylonian king and established the basis for law codes

Question 11

Zoroastrianism

Answer 11

One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.

Question 12

Judaism

Answer 12

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.

Question 13

Vedic religion

Answer 13

The ancient religion of the Aryan peoples who entered northwestern India from Persia c. 2000-1200 B.C.E. It was the predessecor of Hinduism, and its beliefs and practices are contained in the Vedas

Question 14

Diaspora

Answer 14

any group migration or flight from a country or region; dispersion. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered by Romans in 70 CE or to Africans spread to new places during the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Question 15

Hinduism

Answer 15

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation, karma, the caste system, and a supreme being who takes many forms

Question 16

Buddhism

Answer 16

A religion in which Buddha’s teachings that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire and suffering ceases when desire ceases. Enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth (reincarnation).

Question 17

Confucianism

Answer 17

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.

Question 18

Five Relationships

Answer 18

Confucian philosophy about social order where everyone has a place and respect is paid to elders, parents, and the government. The relationships are, ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend.

Question 19

Filial piety

Answer 19

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one’s parents and ancestors.

Question 20

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 20

A political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the the right to rule from divine authority.

Question 21

Christianity

Answer 21

An Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament. Drew on Judaism and initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences. Spread through the efforts of missionaries and merchants. Eventually gained support by the time of Emperor Constantine.

Question 22

Shamanism

Answer 22

tribal religion; involves community acceptance of a shaman, religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who can intercede with the spirit world

Question 23

Han Dynasty

Answer 23

(202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalism.

Question 23

Animism

Answer 23

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

Question 24

Hellenistic Empire

Answer 24

(The spread of Greek culture) of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey

Question 25

Mayans

Answer 25

1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hemisphere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.

Question 26

Greek city-states

Answer 26

Polis, farmer-warriors; culturally unified (Homer, language) but politically diverse (kingship and democracy), unified by a language, polytheistic religion, and culture - otherwise very distinct

Question 27

Caste System

Answer 27

a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person’s occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society

Question 28

Silk Road

Answer 28

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Other info: facilitated by pastoral groups, trade of luxury goods, use of camel caravans

Question 29

Indian Ocean trade

Answer 29

Connected to Europe, Africa, and China. Worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. Spices, slaves, silk, ivory, gold, and many other items crossed through the Indian Ocean, and the spread of Islam owed much to the trade network.

Question 30

Collapse of classical empires

Answer 30

spread of disease, over-expansion, corrupt governments, invasions by nomadic/pastoral groups, over-taxation of peasants, food shortages

Question 31

Legalism

Answer 31

Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws; embraced by the Qin Dynasty

Question 32

Daoism

Answer 32

Chinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from “the Tao/Dao” also known as “the way” or “path” of nature; emphasized living in harmony with nature; ying and yang