Unit 6: Consequences of Industrilization

Question 1

White Man’s Burden

Answer 1

Idea that Europeans had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those “less civilized;” originally coined by a British poet and writer named Rudyard Kipling in his poem of the same name

Question 2

Belgian Congo

Answer 2

Exploited by Leopold II at Belgium under the Berlin Act, Leopold was supposed to act as a trustee. He violated the agreement and stripped the country of its resources and mutilated its people

Question 3

Economic Imperialism

Answer 3

Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments; examples include British East India Company influence in India, Banana Republics in Honduras

Question 4

Settler Colony

Answer 4

Large numbers of people come to the colonies to live in the colony and establish a permanent presence. Britain established these including Jamestown and New Zealand

Question 5

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

Answer 5

Pivotal movement that weakened the Xhosa and ushered in a new era of colonial expansion and domination of South Africa by the British. The prophecy was that killing all cattle would bring back ancient chiefs and ancestor

Question 6

Civilizing Mission

Answer 6

The concept that Western nations could bring “advanced” science and economic development to non-Western parts of the world that justified imperial administration; included notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans

Question 7

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 7

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops; led to decreased power and influence of the Qing Dynasty

Question 8

Indian Revolt of 1857

Answer 8

Also called the Indian’s first War of Independence; began in 1857 as a revolt of Sepoys (soldiers) of the British East Indian Company army; was ended by British military and resulted in full British control of India and

Question 9

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 9

(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.

Question 10

Social Darwinism

Answer 10

The application of ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies - particularly as a justification for their racism and imperialist expansion

Question 11

Spheres of Influence in China

Answer 11

An area where a foreign nation controlled economic developments such as railroad construction and mining; occurred in China after the Opium Wars

Question 12

Ghost Dance Movement

Answer 12

The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, often viewed as an indigenous religious movement.

Question 13

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 13

(1882) The US denied any Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.

Question 14

Opium Wars

Answer 14

Wars between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade as GB illegally imported opium produced in the Middle East and South Asia in hopes of forcing trade with China; ended with the Chinese treaty

Question 15

Ethnic Enclave

Answer 15

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area; a result of migration movements driven by industrialization

Question 16

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 16

British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. The colonies of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were named after

Question 17

White Australia Policy

Answer 17

Before 1973, a set of stringent Australian limitations on nonwhite immigration to the country. It has been largely replaced by a more flexible policy today; a reaction to migrations driven by industrialization

Question 18

British East India Company

Answer 18

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Question 19

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 19

1842, ended Opium Wars in China and led to diminished Chinese political and economic power; set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws; one of these was Hong Kong.

Question 20

Berlin Conference

Answer 20

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules to colonize Africa