Social Studies Semester 1 Final

Question 1

What was Champa rice? How did it impact Song China?

Answer 1

High calorie rice that could be harvested twice a year. It created a surplus of food, allowing economic growth and population increase.

Question 2

What was the Grand Canal? How did it impact Song China?

Answer 2

1,000 mile-long waterway that expanded trade networks

Question 3

What was the Chinese Civil Service Exam? How did it impact Song China?

Answer 3

In the Civil Service exam, students analyzed Confucian teachings. Those who scored well received prestigious jobs in the government bureaucracy. This produced a government of well-educated individuals and allowed for some social mobility.

Question 4

Confucianism (4 key attributes)

Answer 4

The first major religion in Song China. Confucianism emphasized beliefs in filial piety, Mandate of Heaven, and a hierarchy based on an individual’s role in society and in the family. Patriarchy - role of men as head of household

Question 5

What impact did China have on the development of Korea, Japan, and Vietnam?

Answer 5

All three countries were culturally influenced by China

Question 6

Describe advances in Dar-al Islam (4).

Answer 6

New techniques in surgery, medicine, and created new hospitals. Made advances in algebra.

Question 7

What was the House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad? What previous cultures influenced the learning there?

Answer 7

It was the center of learning in Dar al-Islam and housed technological, medical, and math books that were inspired by Greek, Chinese, and Indian innovations.

Question 8

What contributions did Muslims living in Spain make?

Answer 8

In Spain specifically, they contributed to architecture and scientific thought and innovation.

Question 9

What role did Sufi Muslims play in spreading Islam?

Answer 9

Expanded Islam to common people through mystic beliefs in spiritualism over tradition and ritual. They accommodated local customs and traditions

Question 10

How were Egypt and Ethiopia unique in regards to religious beliefs during this era?

Answer 10

After the expansion of Islam into Africa, organized Christianity remained in Egypt and Ethiopia.

Question 11

Similarity Between Aztecs and Inca

Answer 11

They both acquired their empires by means of military conquest

Question 12

Technological Advancements of the Maya (3)

Answer 12

Used stone tools, developed a written language, and made mathematical innovations

Question 13

Technological Advancements of the Aztec (3)

Answer 13

Used farming techniques like irrigation, terraces, and floating gardens

Question 14

Technological Advancements of the Inca (1)

Answer 14

Advanced engineering techniques allowed them to create road system “royal road”

Question 15

Compare and contrast political systems in China and Europe in the time period of 1000-1300.

Answer 15

Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China remained a simple empire.

Question 16

Feudalism

Answer 16

Decenteralized political organization based on exchanges of land for loyalty. People needed protection from invaders.

Question 17

How did the Mongol domination of the Silk Road impact trade?

Answer 17

The Mongols improved roads, punished bandits. enforced laws, respected merchants, and actively patrolled trade routes, leading to great growth on the Silk Road

Question 18

How did monsoon winds impact trade in the Indian Ocean?

Answer 18

Advanced knowledge of Indian ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns expanded trade networks into the eastern coast of Africa.

Question 19

Why was Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca significant? What goods were often traded by the Mali Empire?

Answer 19

His pilgrimage illustrated the expansion of Islam in Afro-Eurasia. The most important trade goods were gold and salt.

Question 20

What was Chinese trade in the Indian Ocean like during the 15th century?

Answer 20

The Chinese engaged in extensive maritime trade beyond their borders.

Question 21

Indian Ocean Trade

Answer 21

Connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion, spread of goods, ideas

Question 22

What was the impact of Zheng He’s expeditions?

Answer 22

Chinese Ming Dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death; facilitated China’s role in the tribute system in the Indian Ocean trade network. Zheng He’s voyages extended China’s political sway over maritime Asia, establishing diplomatic relations with various states and empires

Question 23

What characteristics can be attributed to Middle Eastern trade?

Answer 23

The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa

Question 24

What adverse effects were experienced by Eurasia as a result of Mongol expansion?

Answer 24

Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern europe, and the middle east also facilitated the spread of the Bubonic plague!

Question 25

What was the effect of the Bubonic Plague on urbanization and social structures?

Answer 25

Epidemic diseases such as the bubonic plague led to the decline of Eurasia urban populations and often disrupted the feudal system

Question 26

Bubonic Plague

Answer 26

Also called the Black Death; the deadly disease that spread through Asia and Europe and killed more than a third of the population in some areas; hit Europe (peak 1347-1351) especially hard due to unsanitary living conditions and overcrowded cities; spread thanks to increased trade along the Silk Roads

Question 27

What were similarities between the Ottoman, Mughal, and Safavid Empires?

Answer 27

All three utilized gunpowder weapons as a technological advantage over their enemies.

Question 28

How was the Ottoman Empire able to expand?

Answer 28

They were able to exploit artillery and small arms to give themselves an advantage over political rivals

Question 29

What were continuities between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China?

Answer 29

They continued the use of the Civil Service Examination and other Confucian bureaucratic practices.

Question 30

What was the social hierarchy in feudal Japan?

Answer 30

Emperor, Shogun (holds the most actual power), Daimyos, Samurai, Ronin, Peasants, Merchants/Artisans

Question 31

Protestant Reformation

Answer 31

It led to the fracturing of the Roman Catholic Church as a unifying element in Europe.

Question 32

What inventions aided European travel and exploration in the fifteenth century?

Answer 32

The compass, astrolabe, and lateen sails

Question 33

Columbian Exchange: What effects on Western hemisphere? What effects on Eastern hemisphere?

Answer 33

Western: African population to West, African and European diseases to West
Eastern: Food from West to East (new staple crops in Africa and Ireland)

Question 34

Encomienda/Casta Systems

Answer 34

Latin American/Caribbean societies were built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry

Question 35

What were the motivations for French and English exploration of North America? (4)

Answer 35

God, Glory, Gold. Northwest Passage. Like other European nations, they wanted direct trade to markets in Asia.

Question 36

What is a clear example of syncretism in North America?

Answer 36

Many Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity

Question 37

Chinese Production of Textiles and Porcelains

Answer 37

Were exported in vast quantities and provided an important source of revenue for government

Question 38

How did mercantilism impact colonized nations?

Answer 38

Mercantilism placed restrictions on colonial growth of European crops and establishment of factories. Colonies were excluded from the trading privileges that were enjoyed by the colonizing nation.

Question 39

How did the spread of Christianity impact or influence cultures in North America?

Answer 39

Basilica of Our Lady of Guadulpe, shows the combination of Aztec and Christian Belief. The church was built on the hill of Tepeyac, which was originally a site where the Aztecs worshipped the goddess Tonantzin. When the Spanish arrived and began spreading Christianity, they chose this location for the basilica to honor the Virgin Mary, tying it to the indigenous beliefs to help integrate and resonate with the local population.

Question 40

Why did some Africans support the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Answer 40

There was a demand for weapons among the African elites

Question 41

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 41

Pueblo led a violent uprising that temporarily replaced Spanish rule in New Mexico

Question 42

Haitian Revolution

Answer 42

Successful slave rebellion against French