Unit 7

Question 1

A behavior that prevents an aversive event.

Answer 1

Avoidance behavior

Question 2

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.

Answer 2

Avoidance contingency

Question 3

Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors.

Answer 3

Compound schedule of reinforcement

Question 4

Two or more of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person.

Answer 4

Concurrent operants

Question 5

A procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors.

Answer 5

Differential reinforcement

Question 6

Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.

Answer 6

Escape behavior

Question 7

A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.

Answer 7

Escape contingency

Question 8

Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.

Answer 8

Escape Extinction

Question 9

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 9

Extinction

Question 10

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.

Answer 10

Extinction burst

Question 11

A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed.

Answer 11

Fixed interval

Question 12

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered.

Answer 12

Fixed ratio

Question 13

A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence. No discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time.

Answer 13

Mixed schedule

Question 14

A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior. Progressive ratio (PR) and progressive interval (PI) schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.

Answer 14

Progressive schedule of reinforcement

Question 15

The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence.

Answer 15

Recovery from punishment procedure

Question 16

The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction.

Answer 16

Resistance to extinction

Question 17

Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.

Answer 17

Respondent behavior

Question 18

The process by which, when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response.

Answer 18

Respondent extinction

Question 19

The process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence.

Answer 19

Sensory extinction

Question 20

A behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely.

Answer 20

Spontaneous recovery

Question 21

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response that occurs after a specified time interval is reinforced.

Answer 21

Variable interval

Question 22

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specified but variable number of responses is needed for the delivery of the reinforcer.

Answer 22

Variable ratio