Unit 3

Question 1

An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

Answer 1

Behavior-altering effect

Question 2

A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history.

Answer 2

Conditioned motivating operation

Question 3

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers.

Answer 3

Conditioned negative reinforcer

Question 4

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers.

Answer 4

Conditioned punisher

Question 5

A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.

Answer 5

Conditioned reinforcer

Question 6

A formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 6

Conditioned stimulus

Question 7

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 7

Discriminative stimulus

Question 8

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

Answer 8

Establishing operation

Question 9

An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

Answer 9

Evocative effect

Question 10

A relatively permanent change in an organism’s repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure.

Answer 10

Function-altering effect

Question 11

Part of the habit reversal procedure used to increase the likelihood that the client will use the competing response outside the treatment sessions to control the habit.

Answer 11

Motivation strategy

Question 12

The reinforcement contingency for the behavior of a particular person in the normal course of the person’s life.

Answer 12

Natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 13

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (e.g., A=A).

Answer 13

Reflexivity

Question 14

The process in which the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are presented at the same time in respondent conditioning trials.

Answer 14

Simultaneous conditioning

Question 15

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

Answer 15

Stimulus control

Question 16

A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past.

Answer 16

Stimulus delta

Question 17

A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.

Answer 17

Stimulus-stimulus pairing

Question 18

A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.

Answer 18

Surrogate conditioned motivating operation

Question 19

An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.

Answer 19

Transitive conditioned motivating operation

Question 20

A derived (untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (e.g., A=C, C=A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations.

Answer 20

Transitivity

Question 21

An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.

Answer 21

Value-altering effect