Unit 1

Question 1

The development of a new behavior through reinforcement.

Answer 1

Acquisition

Question 2

A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present.

Answer 2

Baseline

Question 3

A form of evaluation that involves a full range of inquiry methods to identify problematic antecedent and consequent controlling variables.

Answer 3

Behavioral assessment

Question 4

Disruptive behaviors which represent a major obstacle to habilitation. Severe aggression, self-injurious behavior, and violent tantrums are some of the behaviors that significantly restrict the lives of those who engage in them.

Answer 4

Challenging behavior

Question 5

Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.

Answer 5

Contingency

Question 6

Behavior that is not observable to others.

Answer 6

Covert behavior

Question 7

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.

Answer 7

Environment

Question 8

A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another.

Answer 8

Experiment

Question 9

Designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely in terms of their common effect on the environment.

Answer 9

Function-based definition

Question 10

A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus, that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.

Answer 10

Negative punishment

Question 11

A type of reinforcement in which the occurrence of the behavior is followed by the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus.

Answer 11

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.

Answer 12

Positive punishment

Question 13

A type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future.

Answer 13

Positive reinforcement

Question 14

A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, behavior, and time.

Answer 14

Principle of behavior

Question 15

A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.

Answer 15

Respondent conditioning

Question 16

A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.

Answer 16

Response class

Question 17

An environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses.

Answer 17

Stimulus

Question 18

A group of stimuli that all have the same functional effect on a particular behavior. For example, each stimulus in a stimulus class may function as a discriminative stimulus for a particular behavior.

Answer 18

Stimulus class

Question 19

Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time.

Answer 19

Temporal extent

Question 20

Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events.

Answer 20

Temporal locus

Question 21

Defines instances of the targeted response class by the shape or form of the behavior.

Answer 21

Topography-based definition