Unit 4

Question 1

A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.

Answer 1

Abolishing operation

Question 2

The three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent statement and proceeds as follows: (1) if A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true.

Answer 2

Affirmation of the consequent

Question 3

A stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.

Answer 3

Aversive stimulus

Question 4

An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

Answer 4

Behavior-altering effect

Question 5

The target behavior that is influenced in a self-management project.

Answer 5

Controlled behavior

Question 6

The use of self-management strategies in which the antecedents and consequences of a target behavior and/or alternative behaviors are modified.

Answer 6

Controlling behavior

Question 7

The environmental events (antecedents and consequences) that influence the probability of a particular behavior.

Answer 7

Controlling variable

Question 8

A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer.

Answer 8

Discriminated avoidance

Question 9

An operant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than others.

Answer 9

Discriminated operant

Question 10

Section 1.05 of the Guidelines; states that in work-related activities, behavior analysts do not engage in discrimination against individuals or groups based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic status, or any basis prescribed by law.

Answer 10

Discrimination

Question 11

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 11

Discriminative stimulus

Question 12

A process in which the behavior occurs in the presence of antecedent stimuli that are similar in some way to the discriminative stimulus present when the behavior was reinforced.

Answer 12

Generalization

Question 13

Changes in the behavior of people not directly treated by an intervention as a function of treatment contingencies applied to other people.

Answer 13

Generalization across subjects

Question 14

Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired.

Answer 14

Generalization setting

Question 15

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way (such as different topography) from the previous response (such as Lag 1) or a specified number of previous responses.

Answer 15

Lag reinforcement schedule

Question 16

Continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program

Answer 16

Maintenance

Question 17

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (for example, A = A).

Answer 17

Reflexive conditioned motivating operation

Question 18

The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior.

Answer 18

Response generalization

Question 19

The conventional procedure requires one behavior and two antecedent stimulus conditions.

Answer 19

Stimulus discrimination training

Question 20

When an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.

Answer 20

Stimulus generalization

Question 21

A graphic depiction of the extent to which behavior that has been reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus condition is emitted in the presence of other stimuli. The gradient shoes relative degree of stimulus generalization and stimulus control (or discrimination).

Answer 21

Stimulus generalization gradient

Question 22

A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.

Answer 22

Surrogate conditioned motivating operation

Question 23

An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.

Answer 23

Transitive conditioned motivating operation

Question 24

An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.

Answer 24

Value-altering effect