Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2 Biology > Unit 7 Definitions > Flashcards

Unit 7 Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem

A

Self-contained unit made up of biotic and abiotic factors in the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species in a habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Community

A

Organisms of all species that live in the same area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Habitat

A

Place where an organisms normally lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Niche

A

All the conditions and resources required for an organisms to survive and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Random sampling

A

Sampling a population to eliminate bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Regular sampling across an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mark release recapture

A

Method of estimating population size of animals

(Marked in 1st sample X no. In 2nd sample)/marked in 2nd sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Concerned with non-living part of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biotic factors

A

Concerned with living part of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Process of adding a phosphate group (e.g. ADP ->ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Light dependent reaction

A

Stage of photo synthesis in which light energy is required to produce ATP and reduced NADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Light independent reaction

A

Stage of photosynthesis which does not require light energy directly, but does need the products of the light dependent reaction to reduce CO2 and form carbohydrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons, combining oxygen with a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons, loss of oxygen from a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electron carrier molecules

A

A chain of carrier molecules along which electrons pass, releasing energy in the form of ATP as they do so.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Photolysis of water

A

Light energy splits water molecules, yielding electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen (from LDR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calvin cycle

A

A biochemical pathway (part of LIR) where CO2 is reduced to form carbohydrate.
CO2 + RuBP –> GP –> TP –> Glucose or RuBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Limiting factor

A

A variable that limits the rate of a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycolysis

A

First part of cellular respiration to which glucose is broken down (in the cytoplasm to 2 molecules of pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Link reaction

A

Process linking glycolysis to the Krebs cycle (in the matrix of the mitochondria), where the 2 molecules of pyruvate are converted to CO2 and acetylcoenzyme A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Introducing acetylcoenzyme A into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions (in the matrix of the mitochondria) that yield some ATP and a large number of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Use of electrons from the Krebs cycle to synthesise ATP via a series of oxidation-reduction reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Releasing energy from glucose without oxygen (produces lactate in animals and ethanol in plants and some micro-organisms)

28
Q

Trophic level

A

Each stage in a food chain

29
Q

Consumers

A

Organism that obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms

30
Q

Gross production

A

Total quantity of energy that the plants in a community convert to organic matter

31
Q

Net production

A

Gross production-respiratory losses

32
Q

Energy transfer

A

(Energy available after the transfer/energy available before the transfer) X 100

33
Q

Pyramid of number

A

A pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the number of organisms present

34
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

Pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the mass of plants/animals

35
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

A pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the energy stored in organisms

36
Q

Biological control

A

Controlling pests by introducing predators

37
Q

Selective breeding

A

Breeding of organisms by human selection of parents for certain characteristics

38
Q

Saprobiontic micro organism

A

An organism that gets it food from the dead or decaying remains of other organisms

39
Q

Green house gases

A

Gases such as methane and CO2 which trap more heat energy, raising the earths temperature

40
Q

Ammonification

A

Production of ammonia from e.g. Urea and proteins

41
Q

Nitrification

A

Converting ammonia into nitrites and the nitrates

42
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Conversion of nitrogen gas intro nitrogen-containing compounds

43
Q

Denitrification

A

Conversion of soil nitrates into nitrogen gas

44
Q

Leaching

A

Process by which nutrients are washed from the soil into watercourses

45
Q

Eutrophication

A

Consequence of an increase in nutrients in watercourses that leads to a decrease in biodiversity

46
Q

Succession

A

The changes in an ecosystem, over time, of the species that occupy it

47
Q

Pioneer species

A

A species that can colonise bare rock or ground

48
Q

Climax community

A

The stable, final, community that exists in a balanced equilibrium

49
Q

Conservation

A

Management of the Earth’s natural resources in such a way that maximum use can be made of them in the future.

50
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic composition of an organism

51
Q

Phenotype

A

The characteristics of an organism, resulting from its genotype and the environment

52
Q

Gene

A

A length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

53
Q

Allele

A

One form of a gene

54
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes that have the same gene lock and determine the same features

55
Q

Dominant

A

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype

56
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when there is another identical allele

57
Q

Heterozygous

A

When the alleles are different for a particular gene

58
Q

Homozygous

A

When the alleles are the same for a particular gene

59
Q

Sex linkage

A

Any gene that is carried in the X or Y chromosome

60
Q

Co-dominance

A

Both alleles are equally dominant and are both expressed in the phenotype

61
Q

Multiple alleles

A

More than two possible alleles for a particular gene

62
Q

Gene pool

A

All the alleles of all the genes of all in the individuals in a population at any one time

63
Q

Allelic frequency

A

The number of times the allele occurs within a gene pool

64
Q

Stabilising selection

A

Selection that favours average individuals

65
Q

Directional selection

A

Selection that favours individuals at one extreme

66
Q

Speciation

A

The evolution of new species from an existing species

67
Q

Geographical isolation

A

When a physical barrier prevents two populations from breeding with one another

A2 Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions