unit 7

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

any circumstance that threaten/perceive threat to someone’s well-being, strains coping abilities

Question 2

biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

physical illness is caused by interaction of bio, psycho, and social factors

Question 3

health psychology

Answer 3

how do psychological factors relate to illnesses

Question 4

Richard Lazarus

Answer 4

Hassle scale, primary and secondary appraisals

Question 5

Primary appraisal

Answer 5

initial evaluation of an event: irrelevant? relevant and not threatening? stressful?

Question 6

secondary appraisal

Answer 6

event is stressful, evaluate coping resources and look at options to deal with it

Question 7

acute stressors

Answer 7

threatening events with short durations

Question 8

chronic stressors

Answer 8

threatening events with a long duration and no apparent time limit

Question 9

the four types of stress

Answer 9

frustration, conflict, change, pressure

Question 10

frustration

Answer 10

a situation that gets in the way of your goal

Question 11

conflict

Answer 11

two or more incompatible motivations compete

Question 12

approach-approach conflict

Answer 12

choice between 2 attractive goals (least stressful)

Question 13

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 13

choice between 2 unattractive goals (most stressful)

Question 14

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 14

choice for 1 goal that has good and bad in it

Question 15

life changes

Answer 15

changes in living circumstances that require significant adjustment

Question 16

Social Readjustment Scale (SRRS)

Answer 16

measure life change in stress form

Question 17

pressure

Answer 17

expectations/demands to behave a certain way

Question 18

responses to stress (3)

Answer 18

emotional, physical, behavioural

Question 19

Positive emotions can… (3)

Answer 19

alter people’s mindset and creative problem solving, undo negative emotions, promote good social interaction

Question 20

fight-or-flight response

Answer 20

(ANS) automatic nervous system, sympatheticdivision, mobilizes for attacking or fleeing

Question 21

General adaptation syndrome (3 stages)

Answer 21

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 22

Hans Selye

Answer 22

General adaptation syndrome, stress reactions are non specific to different events

Question 23

Alarm reaction

Answer 23

first recognizes threat

Question 24

stage of resistance

Answer 24

prolonged stress, physiological changes stablize, accustomed to threat

Question 25

stage of exhaustion

Answer 25

body’s resource deplete if stress cannot be overcome

Question 26

hypothalamus

Answer 26

initiates action along the endocrine system
pathway 1: sympathetic division (ANS) (fight or flight response), adrenal medulla, catecholamines in the bloodstream (slower digestion)
pathway 2: hypothalamus, pituitary, ACTH, corticosteroids

Question 27

coping

Answer 27

efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands of stress, adaptive or maladaptive

Question 28

learned helplessness

Answer 28

passive behaviour produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Question 29

aggression

Answer 29

any behaviour intended to hurt someone either verbally or physically

Question 30

catharsis

Answer 30

release of emotional tension

Question 31

self-indulgence

Answer 31

excess consumption

Question 32

internet addiction

Answer 32

spending lots of time on the web, unable to control that time

Question 33

defence mechanisms

Answer 33

unconscious reactions that help protect people from feeling things like guilt and anxiety, work through self-deception

Question 34

constructive coping

Answer 34

healthful efforts to deal with stress

1. confront directly
2. realistic appraisals
3. recognize and regulate disruptive emotional reactions to stress

Question 35

burnout

Answer 35

emotional exhaustion, cynicism, from chronic work related stress

Question 36

PTSD

Answer 36

enduring psychological disturbances from a major traumatic event

Question 37

resilience

Answer 37

successful adaptation to significant stress and trauma, lack of serious negative outcomes

Question 38

psychosomatic diseases

Answer 38

genuine physical ailments thought to be caused by stress and other psychological factors

Question 39

atherosclerosis

Answer 39

principal cause of heart disease

Question 40

type a personality

Answer 40

1. competitive 2. impatient 3. angry and hostile

Question 41

type b

Answer 41

relaxed, easy going, amicable

Question 42

Stuart McCann

Answer 42

precocity-longevity hypothesis, early success=early death

Question 43

immune response

Answer 43

body’s defence to invasive bacteria, viral agents, foreign substances

Question 44

social support

Answer 44

aid and emotional sustenance provided by members of one’s social networks

Question 45

optimism

Answer 45

tendency to expect good outcomes

Question 46

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV)

Answer 46

immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus

Question 47

rational-emotive therapy

Answer 47

approach to therapy that alters client’s patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behaviour

Question 48

catastrophic thinking

Answer 48

unrealistic negative appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems

Question 49

Albert Ellis

Answer 49

“you feel the way you think”, people can short-circuit their emotional reactions to stress by appraising it differently, A-B-C sequence. A
A: activating event
B: belief system
C: consequence