unit 1 Flashcards
analyze consciousness into basic elements and investigate how these elements are related
Structuralism
careful, systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience
introspection
investigate the function or purpose of consciousness
functionalism
functionalist supporter, consciousness is a flow of thoughts, stream of consciousness
William James
psychology should only study observable behaviour
behaviourism
any observable response/activity by an organism
behaviour
any detectable input from the environment
stimulus
thoughts, memories, desires, well below surface of awareness but still influence behaviour
unconscious
behaviour explained by unconscious influence
psychoanalytic theory
emphasizes the unique quality of humans, freedom, growth
humanism
John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
Behavioural
Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
Psychoanalytic
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Humanistic
Jean Piaget, Nam Chomsky, Herbert Simon
Cognitive
James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel
Biological
David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmides, John Toby
Evolutionary
psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems
applied psychology
psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psych problems and disorders
clinical psychology
mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
cognition
people’s manipulations of mental images influence how they behave
cognitive perspective
examines behaviour in its adaptive value over generations
evolutionary psychology
Martin Seligman, understanding the positive, adaptive, and creative aspects of human existence
positive psychology
study of behaviour and the psychological processes that underlie it, profession that applies this to practical problems
psychology
human dev across lifespan
developmental psychology
focus on interpersonal behaviour, social forces and attitude
social psychology
focus on sensation, perception, learning, condition, motivation, emotion… traditional topics of early psychology
experimental psychology
influence of genetic factors on behaviour and the role of brain, nervous system, endocrine system, bodily chemicles
physiological psychology
“higher” mental processes, memory, reasoning, info processing, language, problem solving, decision making and creativity
cognitive psychology
understanding/describing someone’s consistency in behaviour. assessment of personality too
personality psychology
measurement of behaviour and capacities, psychological tests, tests designed to assess intelligence…
psychometrics
branch of medicine, diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
psychiatry
treatment, evaluation and diagnosis of psychological disorders
clinical psychology
assistance to people with everyday problems, family, marital or career counselling
counselling psychology
improve curriculum design, achievement tests, educational process…
educational and school psychology
business and industry psychology works, HR departments, improve morale
industrial and organizational psychology
knowledge should be acquired through observation
empiricism
system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
theory
widely shared customs… of a community over generations
culture
Study system, SQ3R
Survey, question, read, recite, review
using the characteristics and format of a test to your benefit
testwiseness
use of cognitive skills and strategies to increase the probability of a positive outcome
critical thinking
