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Psych 290 > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

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GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

personality

A

individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioural traits

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2
Q

personality trait

A

disposition to behave a certain way in a variety of situations

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3
Q

five-factor model of personality traits

A

from Robert McRae and Paul Costa:

neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, extraversion

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4
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

focus on unconscious mental forces (Freud)

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5
Q

Id

A

primitive, instinctive, pleasure principle

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6
Q

pleasure principle

A

demands immediate gratification of urges

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7
Q

ego

A

decision making, reality principle

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8
Q

reality principle

A

delays gratification of id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found

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9
Q

superego

A

moral, social standards about right and wrong

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10
Q

conscious

A

aware of at one point in time

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11
Q

preconscious

A

material just beneath the surface, easily retrieved

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12
Q

unconscious

A

material well below the surface of awareness, exert influence on behaviour still

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13
Q

defence mechanisms

A

unconscious reactions to protect from guilt and shame

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14
Q

rationalization

A

create false yet plausible excuses

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15
Q

repression

A

keeping thoughts buried in the unconscious

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16
Q

projection

A

say your own emotions are caused by someone else

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17
Q

displacement

A

divert other emotions onto someone else

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18
Q

reaction formation

A

behaving the opposite way of your feelings

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19
Q

regression

A

go back to immature behaviour

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20
Q

identification

A

bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

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21
Q

sublimation

A

when unconscious, unacceptable urges are channeled into socially acceptable ones

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22
Q

psychosexual stages

A

developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus, leaves mark on adult personality

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23
Q

fixation

A

failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected. (excess gratification or fustration)

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24
Q

oral stage

A

mouth, biting, sucking, chewing, feeding. obsession can lead to smoking later in life

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25
Q

anal stage

A

bowel movements, toilet training

26
Q

phallic stage

A

genitals, self-stimulation, age 4, Oedipal complex

27
Q

latency stage

A

sexuality is repressed during ages 6 to puberty

28
Q

Genital stage

A

with puberty, sexual urges reappear

29
Q

Carl Jung

A

analytical psychology, personal unconscious and collective unconscious, introvert vs. extrovert

30
Q

personal unconscious

A

houses material not within one’s conscious awareness because it has been repressed for too long

31
Q

collective unconscious

A

stores latent memories of ancestral past, archetypes

32
Q

archetypes

A

emotionally charged images that have universal meaning

33
Q

introverts

A

preoccupied with the internal world of own thoughts, feelings, and experiences

34
Q

extraverts

A

interested in the external world of people and things

35
Q

Alfred Adler

A

individual psychology, humans are motivated by striving for superiority, adapt, overcome some feelings of inferiority, compensation, some overcompensate

36
Q

striving for superiority

A

universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life’s challenges

37
Q

compensation

A

efforts to overcome imagined or real life inferiorities by developing one’s coping abilities

38
Q

inferiority complex

A

exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy

39
Q

behaviourism

A

psychology should only study observable behaviour

40
Q

Albert Bandura

A

social cognitive theory, reciprocal determinism, observational learning

41
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

internal and external events and behaviour all influence each other

42
Q

Skinner

A

behaviourism, operant conditioning

43
Q

observational learning

A

organism’s response is influenced by a model

44
Q

model

A

a person whose behaviour is observed by another

45
Q

self-efficacy

A

confidence in oneself to perform and have desired outcomes

46
Q

Walter Mischel

A

believes people will behave in a way that will lead to reinforcement in the situation at hand, people will behave very differently in various situations (people are not necessarily consistent in their behaviour!!!)

47
Q

humanism

A

emphasizes unique qualities of humans, freedom, growth

48
Q

phenomenological approach

A

we have to appreciate someone’s personal, subjective, experiences to truly understand their behaviour

49
Q

Roger’s Person-Centred Theory

A

emphasized a person’s subjective point of view, self

50
Q

self-concept

A

collection of beliefs about one’s own nature…typical behaviour

51
Q

incongruence

A

gap between one’s self-concept and reality (vs. congruence), incongruence when a parent displays conditional love

52
Q

Maslow’s theory of self-actualization

A

human motives have a hierarchy

53
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

systematic arrangement of needs according to priority, basic needs first, complete satisfaction not necessary to activate needs on the next level

54
Q

need for self-actualization

A

need to fulfill one’s potential, highest need in the hierarchy

55
Q

self-actualizing persons

A

people with exceptionally healthy personalities, continued personal growth

56
Q

Eysenck’s theory

A

biological perspective, personality is a hierarchy of traits, person’s genes allows them to be conditioned easier than others, intros more easily conditioned than extros

57
Q

narcissism

A

inflated sense of importance, need for attention and admiration, sense of entitlement, tendency to exploit others

58
Q

terror management theory

A

managing the love of life and knowing about death

59
Q

mortality salience

A

the degree to which mortality is present in someone’s mind

60
Q

self-enhancement

A

focusing on positive feedback from others, exaggeration one’s strengths, seeing oneself as above average

61
Q

self-report inventories

A

personality tests, asks individuals to answer question about their characteristic behaviour

62
Q

projective tests

A

participants respond to vague stimuli, shows their true feelings

Psych 290 (9 decks)

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