unit 4

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

goal-directed behaviour

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

state of physiological equilibrium or stability

Question 3

drive/drive theories

Answer 3

internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that would reduce that tension

Question 4

incentive/incentive theories

Answer 4

external goal that motivates behaviour

Question 5

evolutionary theories

Answer 5

human motives are products or evolution, natural selection, adaptive properties

Question 6

affiliation motive

Answer 6

need to belong

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

a simple sugar that is an important source of energy. increase=satiated

Question 8

glucostatic theory

Answer 8

fluctuations in blood glucose level is monitored in the brain, influence hunger experience.

Question 9

judith rodin

Answer 9

“the fatter people are, the fatter they will become”

smell of food can increase insulin, increase hunger

Question 10

obesity

Answer 10

condition of being overweight, BMI over 30. overweight is 25-29.9.

Question 11

BMI

Answer 11

weight divided by height

Question 12

set point theory

Answer 12

the body monitors fat cells to keep them stable

Question 13

settling point theory

Answer 13

weight drifts around the level where intake and output have equilibrium

Question 14

4 stages of sexual response

Answer 14

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 15

vasocongestion

Answer 15

enlarging of the blood vessels

Question 16

orgasm

Answer 16

sexual arousal reaches peak intensity, discharges in muscular contractions through the pelvic area

Question 17

refractory period

Answer 17

time after orgasm, males are unresponsive to further stimulation

Question 18

David Buss

Answer 18

gender differences in mating preferences, women have more importance on status and money and resources

Question 19

sexual orientation

Answer 19

person’s preferences for emotional and sexual releationships

Question 20

heterosexual

Answer 20

opposite sex

Question 21

Bisexual

Answer 21

both sexes

Question 22

homosexual

Answer 22

same sex

Question 23

achievement motive

Answer 23

need to master difficult challenges, outperform, meet high standards or excellence

Question 24

emotion (3 parts involved)

Answer 24

1. cognitive (subjective experience)
2. physiological (ANS, bodily/visceral arousal)
3. behavioural (characteristic overt expression

Question 25

affective forecasting

Answer 25

predicting one's emotional reactions to future events (people tend to incorrectly predict the intensity of the emotion)

Question 26

galvanic skin response (GSR)

Answer 26

increase of electrical conductivity when sweat glands increase activity

Question 27

polygraph/lie dectector

Answer 27

device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned

Question 28

Joseph LeDoux

Answer 28

amygdala processes emotion independent of cognitive awareness, very quick!! life and death!!

Question 29

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 29

our own facial expressions contribute to the emotions that we feel, these facial expressions are wired in the brain (blind and sighted have no difference)

Question 30

display rules

Answer 30

norms that regulate the appropriate way to express emotions in a certain culture

Question 31

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 31

emotions result from autonomic arousal. stimulus, autonomic arousal, conscious feeling "I feel afraid because I tremble"

Question 32

cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 32

emotion occurs when the thalamus simultaneously sends signals to the cortex (conscious) and the ANS )visceral arousal) "the dog makes me tremble and feel afraid"

Question 33

Schachter's 2 factor theory

Answer 33

depends on: 1. autonomic arousal 2. cognitive interpretation of that arousal When you feel arousal you will search your environment for the explanation

Question 34

evolutionary theories of emotion

Answer 34

emotions evolved before thought, developed because of adaptive value, small amount of preprogrammed human emotions. blend of primary emotions and intensity

Question 35

subjective well-being

Answer 35

personal perceptions of overall happiness and life satisfaction

Question 36

hedonic adaptation

Answer 36

people adapt to their circumstances, baseline for happiness comparison changes to where they are. Helps protect mental and physical health

Question 37

argument

Answer 37

one or more premises to support a conclusion

Question 38

premises

Answer 38

reasons used to persuade someone

Question 39

assumptions

Answer 39

premises that have no proof or evidence

Question 40

irrelevant reasons

Answer 40

reasons that are not relevant, doesn't follow

Question 41

circular reasoning

Answer 41

premise and conclusion are restatements of each other

Question 42

slippery slope

Answer 42

if X happens, it will all be out of control

Question 43

weak analogy

Answer 43

similarity (analogy) between A and B are superficial, weal, or irrelevant

Question 44

false dichotomy

Answer 44

presents only 2 possibilities where one is definitely better than the other but it is not representative of real life