unit 4 Flashcards
motivation
goal-directed behaviour
homeostasis
state of physiological equilibrium or stability
drive/drive theories
internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that would reduce that tension
incentive/incentive theories
external goal that motivates behaviour
evolutionary theories
human motives are products or evolution, natural selection, adaptive properties
affiliation motive
need to belong
glucose
a simple sugar that is an important source of energy. increase=satiated
glucostatic theory
fluctuations in blood glucose level is monitored in the brain, influence hunger experience.
judith rodin
“the fatter people are, the fatter they will become”
smell of food can increase insulin, increase hunger
obesity
condition of being overweight, BMI over 30. overweight is 25-29.9.
BMI
weight divided by height
set point theory
the body monitors fat cells to keep them stable
settling point theory
weight drifts around the level where intake and output have equilibrium
4 stages of sexual response
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
vasocongestion
enlarging of the blood vessels
orgasm
sexual arousal reaches peak intensity, discharges in muscular contractions through the pelvic area
refractory period
time after orgasm, males are unresponsive to further stimulation
David Buss
gender differences in mating preferences, women have more importance on status and money and resources
sexual orientation
person’s preferences for emotional and sexual releationships
heterosexual
opposite sex
Bisexual
both sexes
homosexual
same sex
achievement motive
need to master difficult challenges, outperform, meet high standards or excellence
emotion (3 parts involved)
- cognitive (subjective experience)
- physiological (ANS, bodily/visceral arousal)
- behavioural (characteristic overt expression
affective forecasting
predicting one’s emotional reactions to future events (people tend to incorrectly predict the intensity of the emotion)
galvanic skin response (GSR)
increase of electrical conductivity when sweat glands increase activity
polygraph/lie dectector
device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned
Joseph LeDoux
amygdala processes emotion independent of cognitive awareness, very quick!! life and death!!
facial feedback hypothesis
our own facial expressions contribute to the emotions that we feel, these facial expressions are wired in the brain (blind and sighted have no difference)
display rules
norms that regulate the appropriate way to express emotions in a certain culture
James-Lange theory of emotion
emotions result from autonomic arousal.
stimulus, autonomic arousal, conscious feeling
“I feel afraid because I tremble”
cannon-bard theory of emotion
emotion occurs when the thalamus simultaneously sends signals to the cortex (conscious) and the ANS )visceral arousal)
“the dog makes me tremble and feel afraid”
Schachter’s 2 factor theory
depends on:
1. autonomic arousal
2. cognitive interpretation of that arousal
When you feel arousal you will search your environment for the explanation
evolutionary theories of emotion
emotions evolved before thought, developed because of adaptive value, small amount of preprogrammed human emotions. blend of primary emotions and intensity
subjective well-being
personal perceptions of overall happiness and life satisfaction
hedonic adaptation
people adapt to their circumstances, baseline for happiness comparison changes to where they are. Helps protect mental and physical health
argument
one or more premises to support a conclusion
premises
reasons used to persuade someone
assumptions
premises that have no proof or evidence
irrelevant reasons
reasons that are not relevant, doesn’t follow
circular reasoning
premise and conclusion are restatements of each other
slippery slope
if X happens, it will all be out of control
weak analogy
similarity (analogy) between A and B are superficial, weal, or irrelevant
false dichotomy
presents only 2 possibilities where one is definitely better than the other but it is not representative of real life
