UNIT 7 Flashcards
give life its feeling and meaning, they enrich life
Emotion
It can be positive or negative
feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physical, psychological
arousal and related behavior.
Emotion
a feeling that is private and subjective
Human Emotion
3 Basic emotions
Love
Fear
Anger
can depend on the event, the time, the place and the person.
It is always present in order to compel action, to set a goal and to drive the
individual to try and attain that goal.
Motivation
a state involving pattern of facial and bodily changes, cognitive appraisals,
subjective feelings and tendencies toward action.
Emotion
a distinct feeling or quality of consciousness which reflects the personal
significance of an emotion-arousing event.
Emotion
theory argued that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal
James-Lange Theory
theory proposed that emotional feelings and bodily arousal are both
organized by the brain.
Cannon-Bard Theory
theory assumes that when and individual is aroused he has a need to
interpret his feelings. Emotion occurs when a particular label is applied.
Schachter’s Cognitive Theory
considered basic emotions because the emotions may blend in
together to form other forms of emotions or reactions on different situations.
Primary Emotions
Robert Plutchik’s 8 Primary/Basic Emotions
Fear
Anger
Joy
Sadness
Acceptance
Disgust
Anticipation
Surprise
Plutchik felt that adjacent emotions can be mixed to yield a third
more complex emotion.
Mixed Emotions
Mixture of Emotions
Awe – fear and surprise
Love – joy and acceptance
Aggression – anger and anticipation
Submission – acceptance and fear
Optimism – anticipation and joy.
Fear and Surprise
Awe
Joy and Acceptance
Love
Anger and Anticipation
Aggression
Acceptance and Fear
Submission
Anticipation and Joy
Optimism
Functions of Emotion
- Emotions are used in order to communicate and influence others
- Emotions can be utilized to organize and motivate action
- Emotions can be self-validating
refers to an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it
direction
Motivation
Can be defined as an internal state or condition, sometimes
described as a need, desire or want that serves to activate or energize behavior and give
it direction.
Motivation
based on some deficit within the person.
Need
e based on needs and have the added feature of an observable change in
behavior.
Drive
refers to a drive that is directed toward or away from the goal.
Motive
refers to a substance or object capable of satisfying a need
Goals
Functions of Motives
- It energize the person
- Have directing function
- Have selecting function
motives essential for the survival of man for its
existence
Physiological Motives
The needs in physiological motives
Need for hunger
Need for thirst
Need for sleep and rest
Need for proper elimination of waste
Need for maintaining proper body temperature
Sex urges
motives essential for man to function appropriately as a
social being.
Psychological Motives
Essentials of Psychological Motives
Affection
Security and safety
Affiliation
Status
Dependency
Social approval
motives that enhance the individual’s self-concept.
Ego-integrative Motives
3 Ego-integrative Motives
Recognition
Power drive
Achievement
assumption of the theory is that there is an innate biological force causing
and organism to act in a certain way. These forces are perceived to be automatic,
involuntary and unlearned behavior patterns or reflexive behavior that are elicited when
certain stimuli are present.
Instinct Theory
organisms attempt to
maintain homeostasis, the balance of physiological state or equilibrium by constantly
adjusting themselves to the demands of the environment.
Homeostatic Theory
seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal and this optimal
level varies from organism to organism.
Arousal Theory
According to the theory people and animals are likely to be activated because
they have the tendency to be pulled toward a specific goal.
Incentive Theory
that our needs are prioritized from physiological to
biological to social and up to spiritual.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
sexual or libidinal and aggressive wishes are the
primary motivating forces in human life.
Freudian Concept of Motivation
based on the belief that all behaviors are motivated by unsatisfied needs.
Needs Theory
needs for Existence, Relatedness and Growth.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
According to David McClelland the three most important need are achievement,
affiliation and power.
McClelland’s Needs
according to him the 3 most important need are achievement, affiliation and power
David McClelland
factors that really motivate people
Motivators
Dissatisfiers
Hygiene
Victor Vroom’s theory explained why individuals choose to follow certain
courses of action in organizations.
Expectancy Theory
Theories of Motivation
- Instinct theory
- Homeostatic Theory
- Arousal Theory
- Incentive Theory
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Freudian Concept of Motivation
- Needs Theory
- Alderfer’s ERG Theory
- McClelland’s Needs
- Herzberg’s Two factor model
- Expectancy Theory
