Unit 5 Flashcards
ability to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively
with the environment.
Intelligence
can affect his behavioral responses, his manner of
adjustment and even his state of mental well-being.
Intelligence level of an Individual
able to learn from interaction and experiences. He is able to solve problems effectively and is
able to live harmoniously with the society.
Intelligent person
Theories of Intelligence
- Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory (Charles Spearman)
- Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities
- J.P. Guilford Analysis
- Cattell and Horn’s Concepts of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
- Sternberg’s Information Processing Approach
- Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory
- Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
was believed to be an inherited
intellectual capacity that influences all-around performance.
G Factor (General Intelligence)
which were thought to account the differences
between scores on different tasks.
S Factor (Specific Abilities)
the ability to think of words rapidly
Word Fluency
ability to understand and define words.
Verbal Comprehension
ability to find rules and conventions to justify and solve
issues.
Reasoning
ability to recall and associate previous learned items
Memory
ability to detect similarities and differences between
designs and objects.
Perceptual Speed
ability to draw a design from memory to recognize a figure whose
position in the space has been distorted.
Space
ability to deal with numbers speedily and accurately either
theoretically or practically
Number
the factors separate factors are the result of the
interaction of operation (the ways one think), contents (what one thinks about) and
products (results of the application of an operation to a certain content, or our kind of
thinking towards a certain subject).
J. P. Guilford Analysis
employed when you figure out the relationships between
two varying concepts, to abstract and reason out.
Fluid Intelligence
ability to use an accumulated body of general information in solving problems and making judgements
Crystallized intelligence
This theory has identified a series of steps on what to do from time to time
Sternberg’s Information Processing Approach (Robert Sternberg)
trying to identify some important facts and to retrieve from one long
term memory whatever available information are important.
Encoding
drawing relationship between the pieces of facts and information.
Inferring
finding the relationship between the past situation and a present one.
Mapping
applies the relationship between one situation with the others.
Application
justify or providing some supporting evidences to your answer.
Justification
identifying the best solution or answer which depends on accurate
thinking.
Response
views intelligence as the capacity to solve the problems or to fashion
products that are valued in one or more cultural setting.
Gardner (Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory)
Seven intelligence
Linguistic Intelligence
Logical
Musical Intelligence
Bodily
Spatial Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
is the ability to use language effectively either
poetically or theoretically.
Linguistic Intelligence
entails the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think
logically
Logical
skills performance, in composition and
appreciation of patterns in music.
Musical Intelligence
entails the potential to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily
movements
Bodily
encompasses the potential to visualize and use patterns
of wide space and confined areas.
Spatial Intelligence
ability to understand other’s motives, desires
and goals.
Interpersonal Intelligence
ability to understand oneself, to
appreciate one’s motives, desires, feelings and effective working model of oneself.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
pertains to the meta components,
performance components and the knowledge acquisition components or simply one’s
academic problem-solving skills measured by intelligence test.
Componential intelligence
pertains to the ability to deal with novelty and to
automatize processing or the practical intelligence needed for routine tasks.
Experiental Intelligence
pertains to practical and social intelligence or
one’s creative intelligence like reacting to new situation
Contextual Intelligence
devised the first intelligence tests.
Sequin and Esquirol
regarded as the father of mental test and individual differences.
Sir Francis Galton
coined the term mental test.
James M. Cattell
devised a test for educational purposes of classifying
normal from abnormal learners and for placement direction. The test measures abilities
of memory, reasoning and imagination
Alfred Binet and Theofil Simon
degree of intelligence exhibited by a person compared to others of his age
group
MA
refers to the chronological age or actual age from birth
CA
index of the rate of an individual’s mental progress
IQ or Intelligence Quotient
this phrase was first introduced by
Peter Salovey and John Myer, to describe that certain qualities lie on the ability to understand
one’s own feelings and to have empathy for the feelings of others
Emotional Intelligence or Emotional Quotient (EQ)
science and engineering of creating intelligent
machine like an intelligent computer program.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Characteristics of the Mentally Retarded
Morons (Mild Retardtion)
imbeciles (Moderate Retardation)
Idiots (Severe/Profound Retardation)
educable and can be trained to do some simple
routine work. Their mental capacity is compared to children between 8-12 years old.
They have normal physical development.
Morons (Mild Retardation)
trainable and have mental capacity of
children between 3-8 years old. They have retarded physical development.
Imbeciles (Moderate Retardation)
have mental capacity of children
between 0-3 years old. They are life-time dependents and are also physically retarded.
Idiots (Severe/Profound Retardation)
Causes of Mental Retardation
- Inheritance
- Socio-cultural deprivation
- Brain-damage
- Genetic defect
