Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
came from the Greek words “psyche and logos”
A
Psychology
2
Q
means soul or mind
A
Psyche
3
Q
means study of
A
Logos
4
Q
study of the mind or soul
A
Psychology
5
Q
scientific study and practical application of the observable behavior and
mental processes of organisms
A
Psychology
6
Q
science or scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
A
Psychology
7
Q
action and reactions of the individual when exposed or placed on a
certain situation or environment.
A
Behavior
8
Q
Types of Behavior
A
Overt and Covert
Rational and Irrational
Voluntary and Involuntary
Simple and Complex
Conscious, Unconscious and Non-Conscious
9
Q
behavior which is observable and can be manifested outwardly.
A
Overt
10
Q
behavior of which action is not directly visible.
A
Covert
11
Q
manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate
reason
A
Rational
12
Q
pertains to action which are done without any apparent reason and
explanation.
A
Irrational
13
Q
done with the person’s full will and discretion.
A
Voluntary
14
Q
actions done automatically.
A
Involuntary
15
Q
utilizes fewer neurons
A
Simple
16
Q
more neurons than simple
A
Complex
17
Q
pertains to the actions that is within one’s awareness.
A
Conscious
18
Q
actions done by an individual yet is not aware of doing so.
A
Unconscious
19
Q
bodily activities which may be detected by instruments or apparatus.
A
Non-conscious
20
Q
Aims and goals of Psychology
A
Describe
Understand
Predict
Change/Control
Explain
21
Q
most common way of explaining behavior during ancient times is the use
of animism.
A
Ancient period
22
Q
it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of
events and activities of man.
A
Animism
23
Q
theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms
A
Democritus
24
Q
soul is distinct to man and it is God-given
inhibits the
body as “knower, thinker and determiner” of the individual’s actions.
He reiterated that
the human psyche consists of three elements; the element of reason, spirited element
and element of bodily appetites and desire.
A
Plato
25
father of psychology
Aristotle
26
He introduced the three
functions of the soul; appetitive, vegetative and rational. According to his belief the
brain is merely a gland and would perform minor functions.
Aristotle
27
father of medicine. First theorized that mental disorders arose
from natural cause
Hippocrates
28
theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors. The
temperament correspond as sanguine (yellow bile), phlegmatic (green bile),
melancholic (black bile) and choleric (red bile).
Galen
29
combined the Greek Platonic thought with Christian
thinking and introduced the method of introspection
St. Augustine of Hippo
30
individual tries to
describe his own conscious processes.
Introspection
31
merged Aristotle’s idea that the mind is a living matter to
his idea of immortality.
St. Thomas Aquinas
32
is often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his
writing.
Rudolf Gockel
33
psychology should separate from philosophy and
should be treated as a natural science.
Francis Bacon
34
idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action
– which indicates that the mind and body interact.
Rene Descartes
35
all experiences may be analyzed. He also
linked the idea on his concept of “tabula rasa” of which at birth the mind is like a blank
tablet the gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his
entire life.
John Locke
36
utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing
hysteria.
Franz Anton Mesmer
37
mind is not blank but rather the mind is capable
of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences.
Immanuel Kant
38
responsible for making psychology as a science.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
39
as the father of behavioral genetics and introduced
the idea of individual differences.
Francis Galton
40
father of modern/scientific psychology. He
established the first psychological laboratory in Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt
41
founder of American Psychology. The most renowned
proponent of the scientific basis in the study of human behavior.
William James
42
the first to formally describe bipolar disorder and coined the
term “manic depressive”.
Emil Kraeplin
43
developed the idea of structuralism
Edward Titchener
44
father of psychoanalysis and developed the
psychoanalytic process of free association.
Sigmund Freud
45
developed his theory of the origin of neurosis. He gave emphasis on
the importance of the collective unconscious as the basis of affect to behavior.
Carl Jung
46
conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a
factor that affects man’s existence.
Alfred Adler
47
first systematic psychometrician and
father of classical test theory.
Charles Spearman
48
developed the first Intelligence Quotient test.
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
49
father of educational psychology
Edward Thorndike
50
identified four lines of history and filiations of Philippine psychology
Zeus Salazar
51
the four lines of history and filiation of Philippine psychology
1. Academic-scientific psychology
2. Academic-philosophical psychology
3. Ethnic or indigenous psychology
4. Psycho-medical psychology
52
organized explanation of certain phenomena believed by
groups of people supporting the principle.
School of thought
53
first school of thought; and introduced ideas associated with experiences.
It believes in the importance of the structure of the mind.
Structuralism
54
Studied how the mind affects what people do. It stressed the importance of
functional adjustment of an organism to his environment.
Functionalism
55
stressed the importance of the environment in shaping an individual’s behavior. They realized that
human behavior could also be changed by conditioning.
Behaviorism
56
Developed as a reaction against structuralism
literally means to
configure or to form a pattern
Gestalt
57
based on the theory that behavior is determined
by powerful inner forces. Freud developed psychoanalysis as a form of psychotherapy.
Psychoanalysis
58
theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and
memory
Cognitive Psychology
59
individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception
of the world around him. Individuals are not solely the product of their environment and
are internally motivated to fulfill their human potential.
Humanistic
60
branch of psychology that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior.
Abnormal Psychology
61
Also known as Behaviorism
Behavioral psychology
62
branch of psychology that focused on the study of how the brain influences
behavior. Also called physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience and
psychobiology.
Bio-psychology
63
branch of psychology that focuses on internal states such as motivation,
problem solving, decision-making, thinking and attention.
Cognitive Psychology
64
branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior.
Comparative Psychology
65
branch of psychology that looks at the development throughout the lifespan.
Developmental Psychology
66
branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology,
educational issues and students concerns.
Educational Psychology
67
branch of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research of brain and
behavior.
Experimental Psychology
68
branch of psychology is focused on the patterns of thoughts, feelings and
behavior that makes a person unique.
Personality Psychology
69
Seeks to explain and understand social behavior
Social behavior
70
The application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and
behavior.
Bio-psychology
71
study of neural mechanism of perception and behavior through direct
manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiment.
Physiological Psychology
72
branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in
humans.
Psychiatry
73
application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment
of diagnosed mental disorders or to the problems of a person’s daily adjustment.
Psychotherapy
74
subfield of medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents utilized
to affect behavior, mood and feelings.
Psychotropics
75
branch of medicine which involves the surgical severing and chemical alterations
of brain fibers with the purpose of modifying psychological disturbances and other
behavior aberrations.
Psychosurgery
76
Merged the discipline of sociology and anthropology together with the basic
premise about the common concern of psychology.
Social Psychology
77
study of psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to
acquire, use and understand language.
Psycholinguistics or Psychology of Language
78
helps psychologists to organize their scientific findings to
link and connect them to theories as they seek for further research direction.
Theoretical Pespective
79
studies on
the behavior of different animal species to understand how the evolutionary past is
connected to what is going on in the modern man’s brain.
Evolutionary Perspective
80
Freud advanced that much of what a person thinks and does is motivated by
inner forces in the subconscious level of the mind over which the person has no control.
All forms of maladjustments and emotional conflicts in adult life are traceable to
traumatic psychic experiences in childhood which are outside the person’s conscious
awareness.
Psychodynamic Perspective
81
Adheres to the belief that psychology should focus on overt observable behavior and its relationship to an event that can be predicted and measured objectively.
Behavioral Perspective
82
combination of gestalt psychology and behavioral psychology. It focuses on how a person knows, understands and thinks about the world around him.
Cognitive Perspective
83
third force because it is the first significant alterative to the
psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives in understanding human behavior.
Humanistic Perspective
84
Psychologists study the brain and the hormonal system and their effects on
heredity and psychological functions.
Psychobiological Perspective
85
how behavior and mental processes relate to changes in the brain
and nervous system.
Neuropsychological Perspective
86
3 steps in the scientific approach method
1. Formulating the problem or purpose of the study.
2. Developing a conceptual or theoretical framework and hypotheses on the specific
phenomenon to be studied.
3. Gathering pieces of evidence that either support or refute the research framework.
87
Methods of research
1. Controlled experiments
2. Animal studies
3. Qualitative and descriptive research
4. Survey questionnaires
5. Longitudinal studies
6. Neuropsychological methods
7. Computational modeling
8. Correlational method
9. Indigenous research method
