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ITP > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

came from the Greek words “psyche and logos”

A

Psychology

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2
Q

means soul or mind

A

Psyche

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3
Q

means study of

A

Logos

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4
Q

study of the mind or soul

A

Psychology

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5
Q

scientific study and practical application of the observable behavior and
mental processes of organisms

A

Psychology

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6
Q

science or scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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7
Q

action and reactions of the individual when exposed or placed on a
certain situation or environment.

A

Behavior

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8
Q

Types of Behavior

A

Overt and Covert
Rational and Irrational
Voluntary and Involuntary
Simple and Complex
Conscious, Unconscious and Non-Conscious

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9
Q

behavior which is observable and can be manifested outwardly.

A

Overt

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10
Q

behavior of which action is not directly visible.

A

Covert

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11
Q

manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate
reason

A

Rational

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12
Q

pertains to action which are done without any apparent reason and
explanation.

A

Irrational

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13
Q

done with the person’s full will and discretion.

A

Voluntary

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14
Q

actions done automatically.

A

Involuntary

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15
Q

utilizes fewer neurons

A

Simple

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16
Q

more neurons than simple

A

Complex

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17
Q

pertains to the actions that is within one’s awareness.

A

Conscious

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18
Q

actions done by an individual yet is not aware of doing so.

A

Unconscious

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19
Q

bodily activities which may be detected by instruments or apparatus.

A

Non-conscious

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20
Q

Aims and goals of Psychology

A

Describe
Understand
Predict
Change/Control
Explain

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21
Q

most common way of explaining behavior during ancient times is the use
of animism.

A

Ancient period

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22
Q

it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of
events and activities of man.

A

Animism

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23
Q

theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms

A

Democritus

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24
Q

soul is distinct to man and it is God-given

inhibits the
body as “knower, thinker and determiner” of the individual’s actions.

He reiterated that
the human psyche consists of three elements; the element of reason, spirited element
and element of bodily appetites and desire.

A

Plato

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25
Q

father of psychology

A

Aristotle

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26
Q

He introduced the three
functions of the soul; appetitive, vegetative and rational. According to his belief the
brain is merely a gland and would perform minor functions.

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

father of medicine. First theorized that mental disorders arose
from natural cause

A

Hippocrates

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28
Q

theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors. The
temperament correspond as sanguine (yellow bile), phlegmatic (green bile),
melancholic (black bile) and choleric (red bile).

A

Galen

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29
Q

combined the Greek Platonic thought with Christian
thinking and introduced the method of introspection

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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30
Q

individual tries to
describe his own conscious processes.

A

Introspection

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31
Q

merged Aristotle’s idea that the mind is a living matter to
his idea of immortality.

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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32
Q

is often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his
writing.

A

Rudolf Gockel

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33
Q

psychology should separate from philosophy and
should be treated as a natural science.

A

Francis Bacon

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34
Q

idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action
– which indicates that the mind and body interact.

A

Rene Descartes

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35
Q

all experiences may be analyzed. He also
linked the idea on his concept of “tabula rasa” of which at birth the mind is like a blank
tablet the gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his
entire life.

A

John Locke

36
Q

utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing
hysteria.

A

Franz Anton Mesmer

37
Q

mind is not blank but rather the mind is capable
of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences.

A

Immanuel Kant

38
Q

responsible for making psychology as a science.

A

Johann Friedrich Herbart

39
Q

as the father of behavioral genetics and introduced
the idea of individual differences.

A

Francis Galton

40
Q

father of modern/scientific psychology. He
established the first psychological laboratory in Germany.

A

Wilhelm Wundt

41
Q

founder of American Psychology. The most renowned
proponent of the scientific basis in the study of human behavior.

A

William James

42
Q

the first to formally describe bipolar disorder and coined the
term “manic depressive”.

A

Emil Kraeplin

43
Q

developed the idea of structuralism

A

Edward Titchener

44
Q

father of psychoanalysis and developed the
psychoanalytic process of free association.

A

Sigmund Freud

45
Q

developed his theory of the origin of neurosis. He gave emphasis on
the importance of the collective unconscious as the basis of affect to behavior.

A

Carl Jung

46
Q

conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a
factor that affects man’s existence.

A

Alfred Adler

47
Q

first systematic psychometrician and
father of classical test theory.

A

Charles Spearman

48
Q

developed the first Intelligence Quotient test.

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

49
Q

father of educational psychology

A

Edward Thorndike

50
Q

identified four lines of history and filiations of Philippine psychology

A

Zeus Salazar

51
Q

the four lines of history and filiation of Philippine psychology

A
  1. Academic-scientific psychology
  2. Academic-philosophical psychology
  3. Ethnic or indigenous psychology
  4. Psycho-medical psychology
52
Q

organized explanation of certain phenomena believed by
groups of people supporting the principle.

A

School of thought

53
Q

first school of thought; and introduced ideas associated with experiences.
It believes in the importance of the structure of the mind.

A

Structuralism

54
Q

Studied how the mind affects what people do. It stressed the importance of
functional adjustment of an organism to his environment.

A

Functionalism

55
Q

stressed the importance of the environment in shaping an individual’s behavior. They realized that
human behavior could also be changed by conditioning.

A

Behaviorism

56
Q

Developed as a reaction against structuralism

literally means to
configure or to form a pattern

A

Gestalt

57
Q

based on the theory that behavior is determined
by powerful inner forces. Freud developed psychoanalysis as a form of psychotherapy.

A

Psychoanalysis

58
Q

theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and
memory

A

Cognitive Psychology

59
Q

individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception
of the world around him. Individuals are not solely the product of their environment and
are internally motivated to fulfill their human potential.

A

Humanistic

60
Q

branch of psychology that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior.

A

Abnormal Psychology

61
Q

Also known as Behaviorism

A

Behavioral psychology

62
Q

branch of psychology that focused on the study of how the brain influences
behavior. Also called physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience and
psychobiology.

A

Bio-psychology

63
Q

branch of psychology that focuses on internal states such as motivation,
problem solving, decision-making, thinking and attention.

A

Cognitive Psychology

64
Q

branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior.

A

Comparative Psychology

65
Q

branch of psychology that looks at the development throughout the lifespan.

A

Developmental Psychology

66
Q

branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology,
educational issues and students concerns.

A

Educational Psychology

67
Q

branch of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research of brain and
behavior.

A

Experimental Psychology

68
Q

branch of psychology is focused on the patterns of thoughts, feelings and
behavior that makes a person unique.

A

Personality Psychology

69
Q

Seeks to explain and understand social behavior

A

Social behavior

70
Q

The application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and
behavior.

A

Bio-psychology

71
Q

study of neural mechanism of perception and behavior through direct
manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiment.

A

Physiological Psychology

72
Q

branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in
humans.

A

Psychiatry

73
Q

application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment
of diagnosed mental disorders or to the problems of a person’s daily adjustment.

A

Psychotherapy

74
Q

subfield of medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents utilized
to affect behavior, mood and feelings.

A

Psychotropics

75
Q

branch of medicine which involves the surgical severing and chemical alterations
of brain fibers with the purpose of modifying psychological disturbances and other
behavior aberrations.

A

Psychosurgery

76
Q

Merged the discipline of sociology and anthropology together with the basic
premise about the common concern of psychology.

A

Social Psychology

77
Q

study of psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to
acquire, use and understand language.

A

Psycholinguistics or Psychology of Language

78
Q

helps psychologists to organize their scientific findings to
link and connect them to theories as they seek for further research direction.

A

Theoretical Pespective

79
Q

studies on
the behavior of different animal species to understand how the evolutionary past is
connected to what is going on in the modern man’s brain.

A

Evolutionary Perspective

80
Q

Freud advanced that much of what a person thinks and does is motivated by
inner forces in the subconscious level of the mind over which the person has no control.
All forms of maladjustments and emotional conflicts in adult life are traceable to
traumatic psychic experiences in childhood which are outside the person’s conscious
awareness.

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

81
Q

Adheres to the belief that psychology should focus on overt observable behavior and its relationship to an event that can be predicted and measured objectively.

A

Behavioral Perspective

82
Q

combination of gestalt psychology and behavioral psychology. It focuses on how a person knows, understands and thinks about the world around him.

A

Cognitive Perspective

83
Q

third force because it is the first significant alterative to the
psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives in understanding human behavior.

A

Humanistic Perspective

84
Q

Psychologists study the brain and the hormonal system and their effects on
heredity and psychological functions.

A

Psychobiological Perspective

85
Q

how behavior and mental processes relate to changes in the brain
and nervous system.

A

Neuropsychological Perspective

86
Q

3 steps in the scientific approach method

A
  1. Formulating the problem or purpose of the study.
  2. Developing a conceptual or theoretical framework and hypotheses on the specific
    phenomenon to be studied.
  3. Gathering pieces of evidence that either support or refute the research framework.
87
Q

Methods of research

A
  1. Controlled experiments
  2. Animal studies
  3. Qualitative and descriptive research
  4. Survey questionnaires
  5. Longitudinal studies
  6. Neuropsychological methods
  7. Computational modeling
  8. Correlational method
  9. Indigenous research method

ITP (7 decks)

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