Unit 2 Flashcards
process that continues from conception to death.
Development
includes changes in bodily appearance and structure.
Physical Development
includes changes in social and emotional aspects of
personality
Psychosocial Development
changes in the thought processes that could affect
language, learning abilities and memory.
Cognitive Development
a progressive series of change leading to improvement;
also referred to as development.
Qualitative Changes
refer to the measurable changes in an individual, also referred to
as growth.
Quantitative Changes
provides all the raw materials and hidden potentials of an individual. It is a process whereby traits of parents are handed down to their offspring via the genes
Heredity
determines the manner by which the raw materials are to be shaped. It refers to all the forces that affect man like physical, natural and social forces.
Environment
thread-like or rope-like bodies that contain the genes and usually
found in pairs.
Chromosomes
bearers of hereditary traits. Dominant genes – are strong genes; while
Recessive genes – are weak genes.
Genes
PRINCIPLES/LAWS OF HEREDITY
- Principle of reproduction
- Principle of variation
- Principle of dominance and recessiveness
- Principle of change
- Principle of sex-linked characteristics
GENETIC/BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
- In-vitro fertilization
- Artificial insemination by donor
- Surrogate motherhood
- Cloning/mapping
starts from conception to birth.
Pre-natal Period
starts from fertilization to two
weeks
Period of the Ovum or Germinal Stage
begins from the second
week to eight weeks or two months
Period of the Embryo or Embryonic Stage
covers the eight weeks to birth.
Period of the Fetus or Fetus Stage
Types of Birth:
- Natural or spontaneous birth
- Instrument birth
- Breech birth
- Transverse presentation birth
- Cesarean-section birth
from birth to two weeks.
Infancy Period
covers the first 15 to 20 minutes after birth,
once the umbilical cord has been cut.
Period of the Partunate
covers the rest of the infancy period.
Period of the Neonate
Four Major Adjustments in Infancy
- Adjustment to temperature change
- Adjustment to breathing
- Adjustment to taking nourishment
- Adjustment to elimination
extends from the second week of infancy up to the second year
of life. Also known as the age of helplessness.
Babyhood Period
newborn starts to suck things that touch their lips.
Sucking Reflex
babies would turn their head toward the source of something
that stimulates their cheek or mouth.
Rooting Reflex
where there is fanning out of the baby’s toes when his sole is
touched.
Babinski Reflex
causes the baby to grasp tightly to objects placed in their
hands.
Darwinian Reflex
displayed when the baby hears a loud noise.
Moro or Startle Reflex
wherein the baby closes his eyes when there is a bright ray
that hits his eyes.
Papillary Reflex
where babies usually make well-coordinated movements
when they are put in water with their face down.
Swimming Reflex
starts from two years to the onset of puberty
Childhood Stage
extends from two to six years. It is also called the age
of curiosity.
Early Childhood
extends from six years up to the onset of puberty, sometimes between 11 to 12 years of age. It is labeled as the smart stage.
Late Childhood
overlaps the end of childhood and it also touches the early part of
adolescence. It is the period in the development of man at which the individual is
physically capable of sexual reproduction.
Puberty Stage
Stages of Puberty
Pre-pubescence
Post-pubescence
psychologists regard this period as beginning – when children
become sexually mature – and ending when they reach the age of maturity.
Adolescence Stage
extends from 13 to 17 years of age.
Teenager or the Young Adolescent
older adolescent. This is from 18 to 24 years of age.
Youth
studied as a series of stages.
Adulthood Stage
extends from 21 to 40 years of age
Early Adulthood
extends from 40 to 60 years of age
Middle Adulthood (middle age)
extends from 60 onwards
Late Adulthood (old age/senescence)
