Unit 7

Question 1

Differential Reproduction

Answer 1

more fit individuals reproduce more

Question 2

Artificial Selection

Answer 2

NOT natural: humans selecting for a trait to benefit them

Question 3

Gene Flow

Answer 3

migration of organisms into or out of the population

Question 4

Genetic Drift

Answer 4

Random Chance that particular genes disappear (only in small populations)

Question 5

Founder Effect (genetic drift)

Answer 5

reduction in variation that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population

Question 6

Bottleneck Effect (genetic drift)

Answer 6

the way in which a reduction and subsequent increase in a populations size affects the distribution of genetic variation

Question 7

Directional Selection

Answer 7

One of the extremes is favored and the population shifts in one direction

Question 8

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 8

the immediate is favored population shifts away from extremes

Question 9

Disruptive Selection

Answer 9

the two extremes are favored and the intermediate is selected against

Question 10

Heterozygous Advantage (natural selection)

Answer 10

heterozygous genotype has an adaptation advantage
keeps the recessive allele in the population

Question 11

gene pool

Answer 11

collection of alleles in the population

Question 12

Conditions to maintain equilibrium

Answer 12

1. No genetic Drift (large population)
2. No gene flow in or out
3. No mutation
4. Random mating (no sexual selection)
5. no natural selection

Question 13

transitional species

Answer 13

link between ancestors and modern organisms

Question 14

relative dating

Answer 14

aging fossils based on location in strata

Question 15

absolute dating

Answer 15

analyzing amount of radioactive isotopes found in fossil

Question 16

Homologous Structures

Answer 16

body parts with similar structure but different function shows common ancestry

Question 17

Vestigial Organs

Answer 17

remnants of structures that were functional in ancestral species

Question 18

Embryological Development

Answer 18

all vertebrates have the same basic pattern of development

Question 19

allopathic isolation

Answer 19

geographic separation

Question 20

sympathetic isolation

Answer 20

still live in same area

Question 21

PRE reproduction barriers

Answer 21

Geographic isolation
Ecological Isolation (different habitats in the same region
Temporal- breeds at different times
Behavioral- different patterns
Mechanical- morphological differences prevent mating
Gametic Isolation- sperm cannot fertilize egg

Question 22

POST reproductive barriers

Answer 22

Reduces Hybrid Viability- genes impair development
Reduces hybrid fertility- sterile
Hybrid breakdown- hybrids may be strong but offspring are feeble or sterile

Question 23

Origin of Cells

Answer 23

lipid bubbles -> separate inside from outside -> metabolism & reproduction

Question 24

origin of genetics

Answer 24

RNA likely first genetic material

Question 25

First Eukaryotes

Answer 25

development of internal membranes

Question 26

1st Endosymbiosis

Answer 26

evolution of Eukaryotes
-origin of mitochondria

Question 27

2nd Endosymbiosis

Answer 27

evolution of eukaryotes
origin of chloroplasts

Question 28

convergent evolution

Answer 28

phenotypes similar from adaptations but organisms are not closely related

Question 29

adaptive radiation

Answer 29

one ancestor branches to many each occupying a different niche

Question 30

co evolution

Answer 30

two or more species reciprocally affect each others evolution: predator prey