Unit 3 Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cells harvest chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to generate ATP
Major Source of Fuel for animals
Starch (broken down into glucose)
Oxidation of glucose
transfers electron to a lower energy state, releasing energy to use in ATP synthase
Oxidation
lose electrons
Reduction
gain electrons
Cellular Respiration Formula
Glucose +Oxygen = CO2 + H2O + energy
Path of Electrons in energy harvest
glucose -> NADH -> ETC -> Oxygen
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC and chemiosmosis
Site of Glycolysis
cytosol
Cite of the Citric Acid Cycle
Matrix
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase: H+ gradient creates energy
Anaerobic Respiration
ATP using ETC without oxygen
Fermentation
ATP without ETC: extension of glycolysis with recycled NAD+
Alcohol Fermentation
pyruvate converted to ethanol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
pyruvate reduced directly by NADH to form lactate
Photosynthesis
solar energy to chemical energy
ototrophs
use photosynthesis
stromata
pores where CO2 and O2 enter and exit
grana
stacked colums of chlorophyll
stroma
fluid in chloroplasts
Photosynthesis equation
6Co2 + 6H20 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Colors best absorbed by chlorophyl
red & blue wavelengths (least in green)
Photosytem II wavelength
680
Photosytem I wavelength
700
Redox Process
Photosynthesis is this: H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced
The electron donor in Photosynthesis
H20
Calvin Cycle
Builds sugar using ATP and the reducing power of electrons carried by NADPH
3 phases of the Calvin Cycle
- Carbon Fixation (catalyzed by rubisco, uses ATP)
- Reduction
- Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
