Unit 6 quiz #1 Flashcards
Point Mutations
single base change
base pair substitution
Silent Mutation
no amino acid change, redundancy in code
Missense
change amino acid
nonsense
change to stop codon
Frame Shift
shift in reading frame (changes everything downstream)
Insertions
adding bases
deletions
losing bases
Leading Strand
continuous synthesis
Lagging Strand
Okazaki Fragments- joined by ligase
Flow of genetic information within a cell
DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> Protein
RNA
single stranded
U instead of T
Template Strand
Transcribed DNA strand
Coding Strand
untranscribed DNA strand
RNA Polymerase
enzyme
Initiation
RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence on DNA
Elongation
RNA polymerase unwinds DNA
-builds RNA 5’ to 3’
-READS DNA 3’ to 5’
Termination
Rna polymerase stops at termination sequence
Eukaryote genes
-DNA in nucleus
-linear chromosomes
-DNA wound on his tone proteins
- Introns v. exons
Prokaryote genes
- in cytoplasm
- circular chromosome
- naked DNA
- no introns
post transcriptional processing (eukaryotes)
add 5’ cap
add poly A tail
tRNA structure
clover leaf
RIBOSOMES
facilitate coupling of TRNA anticodon to mRNA codon
P site
holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain
A site
holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added to chain
E site
empty tRNA leaves ribosome from exit site
