Unit 5 & 6 Flashcards
Genome
a cells entire genetic material
chromatin
DNA and proteins
Somatic Cells
Body cells (diploid)
gametes
haploid
reproductive cells
Plant Cytokenesis
cell plate forms
vesicles sent from golgi line up at equator
two cell membranes form
Binary Fision
cell division of prokaryotes
chromosome replicated and move apart
G1 checkpoint
most critical
if does not pass goes to G0
g0
non dividing state
G2 checkpoint
makes sure DNA is copied correctly
M phase checkpoint
makes sure chromosome is attached to spindle
Protein Kinases
cell cycle controls
activates or inactivates other proteins
CDK
drive cell from one phase to next
density dependent inhibition
crowded cells stop dividing
anchorage dependence
cells must be attached to a substrate
Porto-oncogenes
normally activates cell division
Genes
units of heredity, made up of segments of DNA
Karyotypes
ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
Sperm and Egg
haploid
Meiosis
Reduction Division
2n-1n
Synapsid
homologous chromosomes loosely pair up
Chiasmata
place where 2 homologous chromosomes cross
Crossing Over
exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Nondisjuction
chromosomes fail to separate properly
Alleles
vary in sequence of nucleotides at the specific locus of a gene
Law of Segregation
during meiosis alleles segregate: homologous chromosomes separate
(anaphase 1)
Independent Assortment
different loci (genes) separate into gametes independently
Incomplete Dominance
blended phenotype (pink flowers)
Co-Dominance
both phenotypes present
Plieotrphy
one gene affects more than one trait
Polygenic Inheritance
phenotypes determined by addictive effects of 2 or more genes ( one continuum ie skin color)
Extranuclear Genes
genes Found in organelles in the cytoplasm
