Unit 4 quiz

Question 1

What causes gene expression?

Answer 1

High levels of signaling molecules (many bacteria)

Question 2

Autocrine signaling

Answer 2

a cells signal acts on itself

Question 3

Local Signaling

Answer 3

paracrine signaling to a cell close or neurotransmitters from one nerve cell to the next

Question 4

endocrine signaling

Answer 4

long distance: signal (hormone) enters blood system to carry signal far away

Question 5

Stages of cell signaling

Answer 5

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Response

Question 6

signal molecule

Answer 6

ligand

Question 7

Plasma membrane receptor

Answer 7

Proteins: water-soluble ligands

Question 8

G-protein

Answer 8

acts as an on/off switch

Question 9

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Answer 9

membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines

Question 10

receptor tyrosine kinase can…

Answer 10

trigger multiple signal transduction pathways at once

Question 11

Transduction

Answer 11

relay signals from receptors to target molecules

Question 12

Protein Kinase

Answer 12

enzyme that phosphorylation and activated proteins at next level

Question 13

Phosphorylation cascade

Answer 13

amplifies signal

Question 14

Second Messengers

Answer 14

small NONPROTEIN molecules/ions that can relay signal in cell

Question 15

Responses

Answer 15

regulates protein synthesis by turning on or off genes in nucleus and regulating activity of protein in cytoplasm

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

condensed DNA

Question 17

Chromatin

Answer 17

DNA and proteins

Question 18

Somatic Cells

Answer 18

body cells

Question 19

Gametes

Answer 19

Reproductive Cells

Question 20

M Phase

Answer 20

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 21

Interphase

Answer 21

G1
S
G2

Question 22

G1

Answer 22

cell grows

Question 23

S

Answer 23

DNA replicated

Question 24

G2

Answer 24

grow and prepare

Question 25

Mitotic Chromosome

Answer 25

duplicated chromosome (sister chromatids)

Question 26

Cytokinesis

Answer 26

division of cytoplasm

Question 27

animal cytokinesis

Answer 27

actin microfilaments contract around equator- cleavage furrow forms

Question 28

Plant Cytokinesis

Answer 28

vesicles sent from golgi line up at equator and form 2 cell membranes

Question 29

Binary Fision

Answer 29

used by prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) where two daughter chromosomes actively move apart