Final Studying Flashcards
What enzymes are made of
proteins
Primary structure
sequence of amino acids and peptide bonds: not functional
Secondary Structure
folding and coiling
Alpha helix and Beta sheet
still not functional
Tertiary Structure
Overall 3d shape
minimizes free energy
Quaternary Structure
Interactions between multiple polypeptides
PH to enzymes
adds and removes h+
disrupts bonds, 3d shape, attractions between amino acids, and 2 and 3 degree structure
Nucleus
contains nucleolus
nuclear envelope:double membrane
pore complex
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes
Ribosomes
carries out protein synthesis
in the cytosol and attached to Rough ER
Smooth ER
synthesis and transport of lipids throughout cell
detoxifies drugs
Rough ER
folds and transports proteins
Golgi Body
receives, sorts, and ships proteins
Lysosomes
digest damaged organelles and help digest macromolecules in animal cells
Vacuoles
storage
food vacuoles
contractile vacuoles
central vacuole: storage of inorganic ions
Mitochondria
generates ATP
Chloroplast
photosynthesis
peroxisome
converts hydrogen peroxide to h2o
hypertonic
more solute
hypotonic
less solute
isotonic
equal solute
Osmolarity
the number of solute particles in a solution
Cellular Respiration
glucose + oxygen -> co2 + h2o + ATP
glycolysis
c6h12o6 + 6o2 -> 6co2 + 6h2o + ATP
Carbohydrate
CHO 1:2:1
monosaccharides
energy and building material
Lipids
1:2:very few
Fatty acids and glycerol
long term energy & storage
hydrophobic
Proteins
CHON (s)
amino acids
enzymes, tissue, transport
Nucleic Acid
CHONP
nucleotides
stores genetic info
altruistic behavior
reduces individual fitness but increases fitness of recipient
agonistic behavior
threatening & submissive behavior
