Unit 7 Flashcards
What is gender identity? expression? attraction? and biology?
-identity: what you think
-gender expression: how we express it
-physically attracted & emotionally attracted: how you feel
Biology: sex assigned at birth
At what age can you identify gender?
2
- normally external -hair, clothing, etc
- understand some gender stereotypes
At what age do gender stereotypes become more extensive?
-5-7
And what age do we have a deeper understanding of gender?
- 7-9
- gender more stable -socially influenced
- not necessarily biology but your environment, you, etc.
is gender binary?
No
- spectrum/range
- agendered, nongendered, gender queer
- most research only focuses on binary
What is race?
-based on physical traits -typically shared between members of a group
What is ethnicity?
based on cultural identity & traditions typically shared between members of a group
Is black or Latino a race or an ethnicity?
- black is a race
- latino is an ethnicity
What is similar about the concept of race & ethnicity?
- both social constructions (not a biological difference)
- both a social reality –> implications of discrimination, privilege, etc
At what age do children become aware of race/ethnicity?
- age 3-4
- sort themselves & others into categories
At what age are we aware of racial stereotypes?
- 6-10
- characteristics that tend to be associated w/ racial groups -racial biases -dominant racial group
- preference for own ethnicity or race
Do gender & race impact our media selections
yes
How does gender impact our media selections when we’re young?
- pick similar things until 4-6 (not including vid games) but tv, movies -then diverge -pick more gender-stereotyped media (guys = action programs, girls = family-oriented, romance, comedy)
- by adolescents we have v diff media differences
How does race affect our media selection?
choose things that feature our own race/ethnicity
Does gender & race affect how much media we consumer? How?
- yes
- gender: - boys more time on vid games, girls w/ music, similar amounts of TV but content differs
- race: -total screen consumption -TV, movies, are lower for white youth (no diff in music or print)
Can you consider race/ethnicity & gender separately?
- no b/c identity doesn’t separate these
- influences may intersect
- can be in conflict (ex. Dora the Explorer - LatinX but girl, so boys conflicted)
Do we see the same media effects across gender and race?
-no -can have diff impacts
What is an example of a (less impactful) effect of male media consumers?
-body image is less impactful
What is an example of a (less impactful) effect on black youth?
-less impacted by sexual media than white youth
What are stereotypes?
- generalized conceptions -can be positive or negative -rreduce ppl to 1 or few characteristics -creates impression all the same -creates biased expectations of how we should act -often negative consequence (whether stereotype is pos or neg)
- research often focuses on stereotypes
What are intergroup relations?
-how you might want to behave towards ppl of diff groups
how does media make us feel about ourselves?
- identity
- self-esteem
- (for youth in particular - identity development is central to adolescents)
Where is most of the gender research been studied?
North America
Are there gender stereotypes in children’s books?
- yes, historically, heavily stereotyped
- in contemporary books - more equal, less differences, more similarities, but still stereotyped representation -typically show more male characters (be independent, not do housework)
What is the risk w/ books & gendered stereotypes?
- they seem to persist more than other media -reread, passed down through the years
- even though there’s a contemporary shift -can still have the effects of the classic books
How are books & gender stereotypes for older kids?
-often use stereotypes -specifically personalities (ex. girls are polite, calm, -boys are aggressive, dominant)
What is benevolent sexism?
- women in traditional roles is idealized, romanticized, women are seen as more delicate & overly romantic
- ex. princess stories
What is the medium most research focuses on?
-screen media (TV & movies)