Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When do babies learn better from screen media? When is there less of a video deficit?

A
  • socially contingent (ex. video chat)
  • an adult is engaging w/ them
  • socially meaningful characters and cues are used
  • less of vid def when a familiar character or someone they know (feels like a social connection)
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2
Q

What is Piaget’s Centration?

A

poured same amount of water into 2 diff glasses -kids thought taller/thinner had more in it
***focus on perceptually salient features (how it looks/sounds) vs conceptual

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3
Q

What are 2 hallmarks of identity in adolescence?

A

1) imaginary audience: belief that others are paying attention to you
2) personal fable; the belief that you and your experiences are unique

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4
Q

Why do adolescence engage in more risky media use? ie sexting?

A
  • pre-frontal cortex isn’t fully developed (ie impulse control)
  • shifts in dopamine (neurotransmitter driven by rewards)
  • hormones
  • trimming -affects emotions or regulation of emotions?
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5
Q

Hypodermic Needle Theory or Magic Bullet theories?

A

-what you consume is directly affecting your behaviour -what you see is what you do

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6
Q

cultivation theory

A

media gradually cultivates certain views in the audience over time -amount matters

  • proposed in 1960s/70s by G Gerbner (after hypodermic)
  • not as much about behaviour -instead views, our thinking, our beliefs
  • media molds you like clay
  • strongest impact on those who watch it
  • need large # of ppl to watch similar content
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7
Q

What is the Mean World Syndrome/Theory?

A

-more scary event you see on TV/the news the more likely you think it will happen to you -even if it’s rare

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8
Q

What it resonance?

A

the similarity between media and an individual’s circumstances

  • (shows who might be impacted more, the person who’s views are already similar?)
  • exception to mainstreaming
  • cultivation theory
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9
Q

Who is most likely to be impacted by viewing crime?

A

-heavy media consumer, female, and city-dweller

fem & city are more likely to be affected by being heavy viewers

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10
Q

What is mainstreaming?

A

-all of us start out w/ diff views but heavy media use will tend to homogenize them -get closer to the mainstream view

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11
Q

What is social learning/social cognitive theory?

A
  • our own behaviour is influenced by observing the behaviour of others
  • ex. Bandura’s Bobo doll
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12
Q

What is reciprocal determinism?

A

interplay btw environmental factors, personal factors, and behaviour

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13
Q

What is the availability heuristic? And what theory does it underlie?

A
  • estimation is based on ease w/ which info can be retrieved from memory (easily remembered seems more common)
  • cultivation theory
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14
Q

What is the simulation heuristic? And what theory does it underlie?

A
  • events that can be easily imagines are perceived to have greatest chance of occurring
  • cultivation theory
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15
Q

What is the representativeness heuristic? And what theory does it underlie?

A
  • similarity of features btw an event and the memory influences estimation -the closer they the more probable the event seems
  • cultivation theory
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16
Q

What is priming?

A
  • media primes related networks of emotions, thoughts, and concepts -info becomes available for use
  • similar thoughts/emotions become triggered
  • can be affected by context
  • more it’s used more likely to be activated in the future
  • can bias available thoughts -ex. perceive aggressive intent
  • ex. fill in the blanks
17
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

behaviour is a learned response resulting from observations made in the world

  • (Bandura)
  • observational learning
  • no consequences same as reward -higher likelihood of imitating
  • alongside operant and classical conditioning
  • UNIDIRECTIONAL (ex. enviro to behaviour)
18
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

theoretical expansion of bandura (own work) -behaviour is more of a choice than a response to the environment -there are cognitive, emotional, and motivational influences on behaviour
influences
1) behavioural 2) personal 3) environmental
^interact = reciprocal determinism
BIDIRECTIONAL -effect one another

19
Q

What is reciprocal determinism?

A

when behavioural, personal, and environmental factors interact to influence human actions, thoughts and feelings (w/in social cognitive theory)
-influences and influenced by

20
Q

What is Script Theory?

A
  • ppl use scripts in real life -expectations for interactions -used to deem appropriateness of actions
  • can us them in new enviros/contexts to figure out what to do (ex. in new restaurant)
  • consider consequences of using certain scripts
  • develop from observational learning & experience
  • harder to change well-established scripts
  • media helps form scripts (w/ repeated exposure)
  • want to use & validate our scripts
21
Q

Do SCT, SLT, Hypo, UMM (GAM), ET, Priming, Scripts, etc meet criteria for developmental theory?

A

No -don’t talk about how these might change throughout development

22
Q

Why do kids point to the taller cup when the same amount of water is moved from a shorter, wider cup to a tall skinny one?

A
  • kids focus on perceptually salient features -ex. size, sounds
  • vs. underlying conceptual properties/meaning