Unit 1 Flashcards
What is SDT?
Self-Determination Theory
-factors that influence human motivation
What 3 psychological needs/feelings are enhance w/ media (for adolescence)?
1) autonomy
2) competence
3) relatedness
What is the video deficit?
- babies can’t make the connection w/ screen and real life - are less likely to learn from a screen than a live interaction
- 2.5-3 years old
Why do babies have the video deficit? (a term)
Symbolic representation
What is symbolic representation
- can’t tell that something is representing something else -has to develop -don’t know it’s a representation of reality
- scale models -screen study
Correlational designs
- examine relationship btw 2 variables
- both measured as they exist -doesn’t equal causation
Experimental designs
-participants randomly assigned -independent variable is manipulated & dependent variable is measured -everything the same except for the IV
What are some problems with experimental designs?
- lack of generalizability
- ways of measuring dependent variable
- can be time consuming
- ethics
- extraneous variables
Longitudinal designs
- same participants over time
- often w/ correlational
- help further potential causal effect
- direction -which effects which
- can use w/ experimental
Natural experiment
- common in economics
- naturally-occurring circumstances “randomly” creates differences btw individuals
- ex. Notel
What were the results of Notel getting a cable channel?
Children were more aggressive, there were more gender stereotypes -reading scores went down & creative thinking
In India -village cable experiment results?
-change in gender attitudes and fertility -more female autonomy -less children were born
Content analysis
-analyze the content of media -what is being shown/represented -define and identify
Limitations of content analysis?
- doesn’t tell us the effects of content
- difficult to define
- time consuming
Limitations of correlational designs?
- can’t give info on cause & effect
- only 2 variables
- difficulties in operational definitions
- challenges in accuracy of measurements
Limitations of experimental designs?
- expensive
- ethics
- generalizability
- extraneous variables
- how you measure -variability -accuracy
Limitations of longitudinal designs?
- high drop out rates
- very expensive & time consuming
- hard to tell what your effects are due to
- cohort effects (due to context)
Limitations of natural experiments?
- difficult to replicate
- extraneous variables
How do you get around the limitations of studies?
combine
- meta-analysis
- other studies
What do youth consume media?
- Uses and Gratifications perspective
- Self-Determination Theory
What is the uses and gratifications approach?
- enjoyment -arousal, companionship, escape, habit, learning, passing time, and relaxation
- sensation seeking
What is Self-Determination Theory?
-factors that influence human motivation
1) autonomy
2) competence
3) relatedness
reasons
-identity formation, social status, mood management, catharsis
*doesn’t focus on content
What is cohort effects?
results are due to time period/context of the group being studied
What are GTEs? & what is a limitation?
global time estimates
-prone to social desirability
What are TUDs? & what is a limitation?
time use diaries
-accuracy of self-reporting -don’t provide info on content
what is a fault of media diaries?
-social desirability
-time constraints
-not about content
(but are better than GTEs)
what is a fault of electronic monitoring?
-failure to log in and out
-privacy??
Who listens to music the most?
adolescents
who plays video games the most?
-middle childhood
