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AP Biology > Unit 6b - Gene to Protein > Flashcards

Unit 6b - Gene to Protein Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Dogma

A

dna –> mrna –> protein

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2
Q

Transcription

A

dna => m-rna

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3
Q

Translation

A

rna => protein

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4
Q

One gene =

A

one rna molecule

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5
Q

DNA properties

A

nucleic acid composed of nucleotides
double stranded
deoxyribose
thymine
template for individual

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6
Q

RNA properties

A

nucleic acid composed of nucleotides
single stranded
ribose
uracil
many different roles

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7
Q

Pre-mRNA

A

precursor to mRNA , newly transcribed and not edited

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8
Q

mRNA

A

carries the code from dna to ribosome, for a specific amino acid

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9
Q

tRNA

A

carries a specific amino acid to ribosome based on its anticodon to mRNA codone
transcribed in the nucleus

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10
Q

Codon

A

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

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11
Q

rRNA

A

makes 60% of the ribosome; site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

RNAi

A

interfernce RNA; regulatory molecule

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13
Q

Ribozyme

A

RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme

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14
Q

Each gene , one DNA strand is the

A

template strand

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15
Q

mRNA complementary to template
—> what direction does mRNA function.

A

5’ => 3’

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16
Q

What codes for amino acids in polypeptide chain?

A

mRNA triplets (codons)

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17
Q

How many different codon combinations?

A

64

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18
Q

Redundancy

A

1+ codons code for each 20 amino acids

19
Q

Reading frame

A

groups of 4; one of three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence

20
Q

RNA polymerase

A

separates dna and transcribes mRNA

21
Q

mRNA elongates

A

in 5’ => 3’ direction

22
Q

Uracil replaces

A

thymine

23
Q

RNA polymerase attaches to ..

A

a promoter and stops at a terminator

24
Q

Initation of Transcription in Bacteria?

A

rna polymerase binds directly to promoter

25
Q

TATA box

A

dna sequence (TATAAAA) upstream from promoter.

26
Q

Transcription Factors

A

must recognize TATA box before RNA polymerase can bind to a DNA promoter

27
Q

RNA polymerase in elongation ….

A

adds RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing chain.

28
Q

As RNA polymerase moves

A

it untwists DNA, then rewinds it
transcribes mRNA

29
Q

In termination RNA polymerase transcribes

A

a terminator sequence in DNA

30
Q

What are Pre-mRNA additions

A

5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail are added.

31
Q

Splicing

A

introns cut out , exons joined together.

32
Q

Ribosome

A

rRNA + proteins

33
Q

Active site A

A

holds AA to be added

34
Q

Active site P

A

holds growing polypeptide chain

35
Q

Active site E

A

exit site for tRNA

36
Q

Ribosomes Initiation

A

small subunits binds to start codon on mRNA
tRNA carrying Met attaches to P site

37
Q

Ribosome Elongation: Codon Recognition

A

tRNA anticodon matches codon in A site

38
Q

Ribosome Elongation: Peptide Bond Formation

A

AAs in A site forms peptide bond in P site

39
Q

Ribosome Elongation: Translocation

A

tRNA in A site moves to P site ; tRNA in P site moves to E site (then exits)

40
Q

Ribosome Termination: Stop Codon

A

reached and translation stops (UAG.UAA , and UGA)

41
Q

Ribosome Termination: Release Factor

A

binds to stop codon; polypeptide is released –> ribosomal subunits dissociate (break apart)

42
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Central dogma in cytoplasm
DNA/RNA in cytoplasm
RNA poly binds directly to promoter
Transcritption makes mRNA
No introns

43
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Transcription in nucleus —> Translation in cytoplasm
DNA in nucleus ; RNA travels in/out of nucleus
RNA poly binds to TATA box and transcription begins
At end of transcription = pre-RNA –> RNA processing –> final mRNA
Exons and introns

AP Biology (10 decks)

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