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AP Biology > Unit 6a - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance > Flashcards

Unit 6a - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chargaff’s Rules

A

dna composition varies between species

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2
Q

Base pair ratios

A

a% = t% + c% = g%

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3
Q

Purines

A

double ring; A + G , paired with pyrimidine

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4
Q

Pyrimidine

A

single ring: T + C, paired with purine

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5
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

between base pairs of the two strands that hold the molecule together

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6
Q

The bond between A + T

A

double bond

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7
Q

The bond between C + G

A

triple bond

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8
Q

Prokaryotic DNA

A

double stranded
circular
one chromosome
in cytoplasm
no histones
super-coiled DNA

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9
Q

Eukaryotic DNA

A

double stranded
linear
1+ chromosome (usually)
DNA wrapped around histones
forms chromatin

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10
Q

Antiparallel

A

one strand 5’ to 3’ , the other is 3’ to 5’

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11
Q

Define Semi-conservative

A

half of the DNA is original ; half is newly synthesized

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12
Q

Function of Helicase

A

unzip and unwind DNA

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13
Q

Function of Polymerase

A

adds nucleotide to the new DNA strands

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14
Q

Function of Primase

A

adds RNA primer

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15
Q

RNA primer

A

provides a binding site for the DNA polymerase

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16
Q

Function of Ligase

A

joins Okazaki fragments

17
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

allow DNA polymerase to synthesize the lagging strand in segments,

18
Q

Topoisomerase

A

prevents supercoiling of DNA at replication fork

19
Q

Nucleotides are added to the …

A

3’ end ONLY

20
Q

Replication happens in the

A

5’ –> 3’ direction

21
Q

1st Major Step of DNA Replication

A

helicase unwinds at origins of replication

22
Q

2nd Major Step of DNA Replication

A

initiation proteins separate 2 strands –> form replication fork

23
Q

3rd Major Step of DNA Replication

A

primase puts down RNA primer

24
Q

4th Major Step of DNA Replication

A

dna polymerase III adds complimentary bases to leading strand

25
Q

5th Major Step of DNA Replication

A

Lagging strand grows by the addition of Okazaki fragments

26
Q

6th Major Step of DNA Replication

A

dna polymerase I replaces RNA primers with DNA

27
Q

7th Major Step of DNA Replication

A

dna ligase seals fragments together

28
Q

Telomeres

A

repeated units of short nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG) at the ends of DNA
telomerase is its enzyme

AP Biology (10 decks)

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