Unit 3: Cellular Metabolism and Enzymes

Question 1

Vocab that means “forming bonds”

Answer 1

Dehydrations Synthesis
Synthesis
Anabolic Reactions

Question 2

Vocab at means “breaking bonds”

Answer 2

Hydrolysis
Digestion
Catabolic Reactions

Question 3

Activation Energy

Answer 3

Amount of energy needed to destabilize the bonds of a molecule.

Question 4

Catalysts

Answer 4

Reducing the amount of energy to start a reaction.

Question 5

What are enzymes?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

Describe Enzymes

Answer 6

They are highly specific.

Question 7

What do enzymes do?

Answer 7

Facilitate chemical reaction;
1. increase rate of reaction w/o being consumed.
2. reduce activation energy

Question 8

Substrate

Answer 8

A reactant which binds to enzymes.
(enzyme-reactant complex: temporary association)

Question 9

Product

Answer 9

End result of reaction

Question 10

Active Site

Answer 10

enzyme’s catalytic site

Question 11

Properties of Enzymes

Answer 11

1. Reaction Specific: specific substrate
2. Not consumed in reaction
3. Affected by cellular conditions

Question 12

What cellular conditions effect enzymes?

Answer 12

Temperature
pH
Salinity

Question 13

-ose is a suffix for what?

Answer 13

Sugar/Carbohydrates

Question 14

-ase suffix means what?

Answer 14

Enzyme

Question 15

Lock and Key Model vs Induced Fit Model

Answer 15

IFM is more accurate model of how substrate and enzymes bond.

Question 16

Factors Affecting Enzyme Function

Answer 16

1. Enzyme Concentration
2. Substrate Concentration
3. Temperature
4. pH
5. Salinity
6. Activators
7. Inhibitors

Question 17

As Enzyme Concentration Increase

Answer 17

….. Reaction Rate Increase

• substrate becomes the limiting factor as the reaction rate levels off.

Question 18

As Substrate Concentration Increase

Answer 18

…. Reaction Rate Increase

Question 19

Temperature (Optimum T)

Answer 19

greatest number of molecular collisions

Question 20

What happens to the enzyme when temperature increase?

Answer 20

the energy level of meolecules disrupts bonds between enzyme and substrate
* denaturation

Question 21

What happens to the enzyme when temperature decreases?

Answer 21

molecules move slower = lower reaction rate

Question 22

Changes in pH cause ….

Answer 22

a disruption of bonds and 3D shape –> causes the enzyme to denature
*higher pH = basic
*lower pH - acidic

Question 23

Salinity causes enzymes to…

Answer 23

.. denature

Question 24

Compounds that help enzymes

Answer 24

Activators = co-factor and co-enzymes

Question 25

Co-factors

Answer 25

• Help substrate bind to enzyme
  1. small , inorganic (no carbon) compounds; metals and ions
  2. Bound within enzyme

Question 26

Co-enzyme

Answer 26

• carry things to the enzyme
  1. organic material (vitamins)
  2. Bind permanently or temporarily to active site.

Question 27

Compounds which Regulate Enzymes

Answer 27

Inhibitors

Question 28

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 28

• competes w/ substrate for the active site
  Overcome: increasing the concentration of substrates to outcompete the inhibitor.

Question 29

Non-competitive/allosteric Inhibitor

Answer 29

• binds to the alloesteric site to deform the active site of the enzyme.
  Can’t be overcame.

Question 30

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 30

• regulation and coordination of production
  product is used by the next step of the pathway –> no unnecessary accumulation of product.