Unit 1: Cell Function and Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Function: supplies instructions to the rest of the cell
found in only eukaryotic cells (animals/plants)

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Function: responsible for cell respiration; supplies ATP to cell organelles
found in eukaryotic cells(plants/animals)
double membrane

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

Function: synthesize proteins
found in eukaryotic cells; on the rough ER
Can be bound (attached to ER) or free (float in cytosol)

Question 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Smooth ER: synthesize lipids; metabolizes carbs
Rough ER: package proteins for secretion/transport
double membrane

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

Synthesis and packaging of materials for transport through vesicles

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

Synthesizes ribosomes

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Digestion/recycling of materials in the cell

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

storage of materials
membrane-bound vesicles
found in mainly in plants; responsible for turgor pressure(crispness)

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Answer 9

photosynthesis in plant cells
double membrane

Question 10

Peroxisomes

Answer 10

Break down fatty acids; detox alcohol

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Network of proteins fibers.
Support; motility; regulate biochemical activities

Question 12

Centrosomes

Answer 12

Region where microtubules grow
animal cells

Question 13

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 13

Flagella: long/few; propel through water
Cilia: short/numerous: locomotion through fluid

Question 14

Cell Wall

Answer 14

Protect plant; maintain shape
composed of cellulose

Question 15

Nucleoid

Answer 15

Where DNA is contained in bacteria.

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Hydrophilic; phosphate(polar) head
Hydrophobic: lipid(nonpolar) tail

Question 17

What TWO strategies keep cell membrane fluid?

Answer 17

1. Unsaturated Tails
2. Cholesterol Molecules

Question 18

Integral Proteins

Answer 18

Embedded in the membrane
1. Hydrophilic heads/tails
2. Hydrophobic centers

Question 19

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 19

Sides of the membrane (not embedded)

Question 20

What function does Carbohydrates have in the cell membrane?

Answer 20

cell-cell recognition; developing organisms
1. Glycoproteins
2. Glycolipids

Question 21

Substances that can easily pass through the cell?

Answer 21

Small; nonpolar; uncharged molecules: H20 , Ethanol
Hydrophobic moelcules: O2,CO2, N2, Steriods

Question 22

What are substances that cannot pass through the cell membrane without help?

Answer 22

Large polar molecules : sugars
Ions: Potassium, Sodium

Question 23

Passive Transport

Answer 23

Requires no energy
1. Diffusion: down concentration gradient (high to low)
2. Osmosis: diffusion of water

Question 24

Isotonic Solution

Answer 24

Equal; the salt/sugar inside the cell is equal to the salt/sugar outside the cell.
The cell stays the same.

Question 25

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 25

Above: there is more salt/sugar outside the cell than inside so the cell “ chases higher concentration” of salt/sugar.
The cell shrinks

Question 26

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 26

Below: There is more salt/sugar on the inside of the cell than the outside so the solution “chases higher concentration” of salt/sugar.
The cell swells/burst

Question 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 27

Transport proteins help hydrophilic substance cross the cell membrane.

Question 28

Aquaporin

Answer 28

channel protein that allows the passage of H20

Question 29

Active Transport

Answer 29

Needs energy
1. Electrogenic Pumps : NA/K Pump and Proton Pump
2. Bulk Transport: Endocytosis (phagocystosis,pinocytosis,receptor mediated endocytosis) and Excocytosis.

Question 30

Endocytosis

Answer 30

Take in macromolecules by forming vesicles around the material

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

Vesicle fuses w/ cell membrane to expel its contents.