Unit 5a- Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

segments of DNA that code for basic units of heredity

Question 2

What is the two types of Reproduction?

Answer 2

asexual and sexual

Question 3

Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

produces clones (genetically identitcal)
single parent
little variation in populations - through mutations
fast and energy efficient

Question 4

Sexual reproduction

Answer 4

meiosis produces gametes
2 parents
lots of variation/diversity
slower and energy consumptive

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

body cells
somatic
diploid
2n

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

sex cells
gametes
haploids
n

Question 7

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

includes 1 chromosome from each parent, with the same allele

Question 8

Autosomes

Answer 8

22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex

Question 9

Gametes

Answer 9

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

a picture of an organism’s complete set of chromosome

Question 11

Fertilization and mieosis

Answer 11

alternate in sexual life cycle

Question 12

Meiosis is

Answer 12

cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes , creates gametes of 23 chromosomes

Question 13

Meiosis = Reduction Division

Answer 13

cell divide twice
result 4 daughter cells , each w/ half as many chromosomes as parent cell

Question 14

Prophase I

Answer 14

crossing over at the chiasmata occurs
homologous chromosomes pair up

Question 15

Synapsis

Answer 15

homologous chromosomes pair up

Question 16

Tetrad

Answer 16

4 sister chromatids

Question 17

Metaphase I

Answer 17

tetrads line up

Question 18

Anaphase I

Answer 18

pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
sister chromatids still attached by centromere

Question 19

Telophase I & Cytokinesis

Answer 19

Haploid set of chromosomes in each cell
Each chromosome = 2 sister chromatids

Question 20

Inter phase happens before

Answer 20

prophase I

Question 21

Prophase II

Answer 21

no interphase
no crossing over

Question 22

Crossing over

Answer 22

homologous chromosomes cross over parts of each other to exchange DNA

Question 23

Metaphase II

Answer 23

chromosomes line up

Question 24

Anaphase II

Answer 24

sister chromatids separate *like in mitosis

Question 25

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

Answer 25

4 haploid cells
each daughter cell is genetically unique

Question 26

Difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Answer 26

Meiosis II is when 2 haploid cells split into four

Question 27

Sources of Genetic Variation

Answer 27

crossing over
independent assortment
random fertilization

Question 28

Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

Answer 28

random orientation of homologous pairs in Metaphase I

Question 29

Random Fertilization

Answer 29

any sperm w/ any egg

Question 30

What is the purpose of Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 30

Mitosis: growth and repair
Meiosis: reproduction