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AP Biology > Unit 5a- Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles > Flashcards

Unit 5a- Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

Genes

A

segments of DNA that code for basic units of heredity

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2
Q

What is the two types of Reproduction?

A

asexual and sexual

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

produces clones (genetically identitcal)
single parent
little variation in populations - through mutations
fast and energy efficient

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4
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

meiosis produces gametes
2 parents
lots of variation/diversity
slower and energy consumptive

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

body cells
somatic
diploid
2n

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6
Q

Meiosis

A

sex cells
gametes
haploids
n

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7
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

includes 1 chromosome from each parent, with the same allele

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8
Q

Autosomes

A

22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex

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9
Q

Gametes

A

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes

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10
Q

Karyotype

A

a picture of an organism’s complete set of chromosome

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11
Q

Fertilization and mieosis

A

alternate in sexual life cycle

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12
Q

Meiosis is

A

cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes , creates gametes of 23 chromosomes

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13
Q

Meiosis = Reduction Division

A

cell divide twice
result 4 daughter cells , each w/ half as many chromosomes as parent cell

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14
Q

Prophase I

A

crossing over at the chiasmata occurs
homologous chromosomes pair up

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15
Q

Synapsis

A

homologous chromosomes pair up

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16
Q

Tetrad

A

4 sister chromatids

17
Q

Metaphase I

A

tetrads line up

18
Q

Anaphase I

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
sister chromatids still attached by centromere

19
Q

Telophase I & Cytokinesis

A

Haploid set of chromosomes in each cell
Each chromosome = 2 sister chromatids

20
Q

Inter phase happens before

A

prophase I

21
Q

Prophase II

A

no interphase
no crossing over

22
Q

Crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes cross over parts of each other to exchange DNA

23
Q

Metaphase II

A

chromosomes line up

24
Q

Anaphase II

A

sister chromatids separate *like in mitosis

25
Q

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

A

4 haploid cells
each daughter cell is genetically unique

26
Q

Difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

A

Meiosis II is when 2 haploid cells split into four

27
Q

Sources of Genetic Variation

A

crossing over
independent assortment
random fertilization

28
Q

Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

A

random orientation of homologous pairs in Metaphase I

29
Q

Random Fertilization

A

any sperm w/ any egg

30
Q

What is the purpose of Mitosis and Meiosis

A

Mitosis: growth and repair
Meiosis: reproduction

AP Biology (10 decks)

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