Unit 5b - Genetics and Heredity

Question 1

P1

Answer 1

true breeding / parent generation

Question 2

F1

Answer 2

offspring of P1

Question 3

F2

Answer 3

offspring of F1

Question 4

What is Mendel’s FIRST principle?

Answer 4

alternate version of genes(alleles) cause variation in inherited characteristics among offspring.

Question 5

What is Mendel’s SECOND priniciple?

Answer 5

for each character, every organism inherits one allele from each parent.

Question 6

What is Mendel’s THIRD principle?

Answer 6

if two alleles are different the dominant allele will be fully expressed; the recessive allele will have no noticeable effect.

Question 7

What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Answer 7

the 2 alleles for each character separate during gamete formation.

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

alternate versions of a gene

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

2 same alleles (PP or pp)

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

2 different alleles(Pp)

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

expressed physical traits

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

genetic makeup

Question 13

What is a Testcross?

Answer 13

used to determine if a dominant organism is unknown to be homozygous or heterozygous by crossing w/ recessive organisms.

Question 14

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 14

each pair of alleles separate independently during gamete formation.

Question 15

Exaplain Law of Segregation?

Answer 15

haploid gametes are produced through the process of meiosis.

Question 16

Explain Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 16

inheritance of one characteristic does not effect the inheritance of other characteristics.

Question 17

Mono-hybrid vs Di-hybrid Cross

Answer 17

study of 1 trait(color) vs study of 2 traits (color and shape)

Question 18

Law of Probability: Multiplication Rule

Answer 18

P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)
Two independent events will occur together

Question 19

Law of Probability: Addition Rule

Answer 19

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
Two mutually exclusive events will occur

Question 20

Complete Dominance

Answer 20

heterozygote and homozygote for dominant allele are indistinguishable
ex. YY or Yy = yellow seed

Question 21

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 21

F1 hybrids have appearance that is between that of 2 parents.
ex. red x white = pink flowers (think mixing paint)

Question 22

Co-dominance

Answer 22

phenotype of both alleles is expressed
ex. red hair horse x white hair horse = roan horses (think cow print)

Question 23

Multiple Alleles

Answer 23

gene has 2+ alleles
ex. human ABO blood groups

Question 24

Nature vs Nuture

Answer 24

both genetic and environmental factors influence phenotype.
ex hydrangea flowers

Question 25

Pedigree

Answer 25

diagram that shows the relationship between parent/offspring across 2+ generations.

Question 26

Sex Linked Traits

Answer 26

most located on the X chromosomes

Question 27

Non-Nuclear DNA

Answer 27

genes located in organelles (contain small circular DNA)
ex. mitochondria , chloroplasts , or plastids

Question 28

Mitochondria =

Answer 28

maternal inheritance

Question 29

Nondisjunction

Answer 29

chromosomes fail to separate properly in Meiosis I or Meiosis II

Question 30

Blood Phenotype A

Answer 30

I^A I^A or I^Ai

Question 31

Blood Phenotype B

Answer 31

I^B I^B or I^Bi

Question 32

Blood Phenotype AB

Answer 32

I^A I^B

Question 33

Blood Phenotype O

Answer 33

ii